Scientific and technical process of the New Age (the NTP) - a rapid development of technology, which began in the XVIII century and continuing to the present day.The importance of technological innovation is difficult to overestimate their influence on European civilization.And on the whole planet.
Industrial Revolution
first stage NTP - the so-called Industrial Revolution, which began in England in the middle of the XVIII century and lasted until the beginning of XX century.This stage of scientific and technological progress was characterized mainly by the mechanization of labor, which was previously a manual.
pioneers from the British Isles
Traditionally, NTP - is the brainchild of this country.It is here since the 1760's, major changes are achieved in some areas, and light and heavy industry.For example, the invention of the machine for yarn led to the domination of England in the European and American markets tissues.The emergence of the first steam engine in the country led to the replacement of the English navy ships of a new type - fast and ergonomic.This further cemented the traditional advantage, and so the British fleet to other Europeans.
Achievements NTP manifested in the development of infrastructure.An example is the emergence of steam locomotives, so that very soon the country was enmeshed in a network of railways, to facilitate communication between different regions of the country, trade between them and so on.Important changes took place in heavy industry.For example, the invention is a milling machine resulted in a significant surge in the development of engineering.
industrial revolution in Europe
Of course, the first stage of NTP - a phenomenon characteristic not only for England.In this country, it all began, but soon progressive tendencies have been adopted and on the continent.There were giants of their own light and heavy industry.For example, Germany, being still in the middle of the XIX century, a backward agrarian country, the beginning of XX-th managed to significantly increase its military and technological capabilities.In some areas - chemicals, for example, she did become a leader.
NTP in the economy and society
However, these processes do not accrue only technological, commercial and military confrontation of competing states.The results of progress lay much deeper.Advances in technology and the transition to machine work literally destroyed the old agrarian-feudal relations and stimulated the development of the bourgeois-capitalist relations based on trade and free competition.Along with the transformation of the economic system, to change the very nature of society emerged his new classes (primarily talking about the workers and the bourgeoisie), accelerated urban growth, new social and economic ideas that were to dramatically transform the look of the world.
technological revolution in our daily
Today all of us - the witnesses already the second stage of scientific and technological progress.According to researchers, it began around the middle of the XX century, and is expressed in space exploration, mass computerization (the first IBM Development relate to 1940) and the connectedness of the global space.Moreover, unprecedented advances in technology invariably leads to social transformation.For example, the scope of the overall automation of production made it possible to release billions of hands for other activities.For the first time in the history of the world a significant part of the population is not engaged in the production of food and basic commodities is vital.Increasing high-tech industry, the scope of marketing specialties, and so on, giving rise to what we now call post-industrial society.
