Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was the son of the first Moscow ruler of the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich and his wife Evdokia Lukianovna.He ascended to the throne in 1645 after the death of his father.Throughout his life Mikhail Fedorovich managed to amass 10 children (Irina, Pelagia, Alexis, Anna, Martha, Ivan, Sofia, Tatiana, Evdokia and Basil).Despite the large family, the heirs of the king 9 died in childhood.By the time of the death of Mikhail Fedorovich the sole successor to the throne was his son Alex.
Education and the character of the ruler
biography of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov indicates that he was born in 1629.Before the age of five took care of him the king's "Nurse", and when he grew up, his upbringing was engaged Boyar Boris Morozov.King was given an excellent education: he owned a diploma, knew several foreign languages, versed in theology, philosophy and law.Having ascended to the throne in Moscow 16 years of age, the young king independently read all the documents and petitions, and was personally signed decrees.Education and open-mindedness allowed Alexei Mikhailovich achieve tangible progress in the rule of the state.
'31 led the country Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (1645-1676).Reverence for his gentleness and his nickname among the people quietest.But it is difficult to name during the reign of the king of calm.At that time, Russia was shaken by popular revolts, political, economic and religious crises.The difficult situation within the state further exacerbated the protracted war with neighboring Rzeczpospolita.But how difficult the situation would be, Alexei Mikhailovich always managed to bring order to pacify the indignant people.
Salt Riot
very young reign on the throne of Moscow Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov.Domestic and foreign policy at the beginning of his reign, concentrated in the hands of Boyar Morozov.Under him, the country has increased taxes, increased corruption and arbitrariness.The last drop of patience of the people was perturbed introduction in 1646 of the salt tax, which led to a rise in price of many food products.Especially this reform hit the pockets of farmers and merchants.The discontent of the people in politics Morozov and Alexei Mikhailovich inaction led to the Salt Riot (1848), the result of which was burnt China Town, houses destroyed most hated boyars.People are able to achieve their Alexei Mikhailovich Boyar Morozova removed from power and sent him into exile.
Adoption Council Code and trade regulations
After the Salt Riot became clear that the country needed serious reform.Domestic policy Alexei Mikhailovich in this period were aimed at strengthening the nobility and the restriction of the rights of peasants.It was developed in 1649 and put into effect Conciliar The Code - a collection of laws regulating various spheres of public life.In this document the first time there has been a separation of the right by industry (public, criminal, family, civil).
Alexis gave a lot of effort to strengthen the state's economy.His policy was aimed at protecting the domestic market from foreign competition.King supported the construction of factories.In 1653, he was accepted trade, and in 1667 - New Commercial charter.These documents restricts foreign trade in the country and contributed to the development of the domestic economy.
popular uprisings
common people was not happy with the reforms, which were carried out Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.Domestic and foreign policy carried out by the king led to the need for in 1662 monetary reform: gold and silver coins could not cover the entire trade in the country, so it was decided to minting copper pennies.Because of the uncontrolled release of small cents in the country to develop a strong inflation and a rise in price of goods.The people, indignant sovereign activity, rose to Copper rebellion that was brutally suppressed by the tsarist troops.
popular unrest associated with dissatisfaction with the policy of Alexei Mikhailovich, has repeatedly occurred during his reign.In the years 1670-1671 the country broke the Peasants' War, led by Stepan Razin.Like most of the popular uprisings, she was strangled and her leader quartered.
Religious conflict
When Alexis had a conflict with the Russian Orthodox Church, which initiated its split.The reason for this was an attempt by Patriarch Nikon subordinate the temporal power of the spiritual.Activities cleric has led to the fact that in 1666 he was stripped of his rank and sent to the Ferapontov Belozersky monastery, but it did not save the church from further split.
war with neighboring powers
Russian government has increased significantly within its borders when the king was Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov.Domestic and foreign policy are closely intertwined with him, as he waged wars with neighboring countries, and this causes a lack of money and frustration of the masses.The result of the long war with Poland was reunited in 1554 between Russia and Ukraine, as well as accession to the Chernigov, Smolensk and other Russian cities.In the years 1556-1558 Alexis fought with Sweden for the Baltic Sea, but the outcome of this confrontation were not so brilliant, in the south-west.Also during the reign of the second king of the Romanov dynasty in Russia managed to attach part of Siberia and the Far East.
During his life, Alexis was married twice (the first time Maria Miloslavskaya, the second - to Natalya Naryshkina).From two wives had born 16 children, five of whom died in childhood.None of the daughters of the king was not to be married, and his sons troё (Fyodor, Ivan and Peter I) then successively headed the Russian throne.In 1676, before reaching quite a bit to 47 years old, he died Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.Domestic and foreign policy of the king was continued by his sons, so that the Russian state has become even stronger and more powerful.
