Escalation - what is it?The word is often used in scientific and journalistic literature, but the significance of his little-known.Escalation of the conflict is commonly referred to the period in which contention passes basic stages of its development and is nearing completion.The term comes from Latin and means "ladder".The escalation of the conflict shows, progressing in time, characterized by a gradual worsening of the confrontation between the conflicting parties, when each successive attack, each subsequent attack or pressure on the opponent becomes more intense than the previous one.The escalation of the dispute is the path of the incident to the weakening of the struggle and confrontation.
features and varieties of escalation
different markings to help identify a significant part of the conflict is escalating.What it is, without any signs of understanding is really difficult.In describing the existing incident should be treated to the list of those properties that relate specifically to the period of escalation and not to another to another.
cognitive
behavioral reactions and activity is shrinking, the moment of transition to a less complex forms of reflection of reality.
enemy image
That he blocks and weakens adequate perception.Being formed integrally analogue opponent, he combines imaginary, fictitious property, as begins to form during the latent phase of the conflict.The image of the enemy has a bottom line of empirical perception, a predetermined negative characterization and evaluation.While there is no confrontation, and neither side poses a threat in relation to the other, the image of an opponent is neutral in color: it is stable, sufficiently objective and indirectly.At its core, it resembles a poorly displayed pictures, the image on which the pale, fuzzy, blurred.But under the influence of an escalation of increasingly appear illusory moments, the occurrence of which provoked negative emotional and personal assessment of each other's opponents.In these cases, there are some "symptomatic" features characteristic of so many conflicts.In his enemy they see a person that should not be trusted.On her shift the blame from her waiting just bad decisions and actions - the identity of a malicious, which in this case is the result of antagonistic deindividualization when the enemy ceases to be an individual and becomes generalized collective, so to speak, an allegorical manner, has incorporated a huge amount of evil,negativity, violence, vulgarity and other vices.
Emotional stress
It grows with frightening intensity, the other party loses control, the subjects of the conflict at the time of losing the opportunity to realize their interests and meet their needs.
Interests person
Relationships are always arranged in a hierarchy, even if they are polar and contradictory, so the intensity of the action leads to more serious affecting the interests of the opposing side.It is appropriate to define what it is - an escalation of the conflict, ie. E. A kind of environment in which contradictions deepen.The escalation process interests are opposite sides "had polar".In a previous confrontation setting their coexistence was possible, and now they can not be reconciliation without harm to any of the disputants.
Violence
Serves an excellent tool in the escalation of the conflict, as its identification tag.The desire for compensation and damage caused to the opposing party of the individual provokes aggression, cruelty, intolerance.The escalation of violence, that is, strengthening the ruthless, warlike actions, often accompanied during this or that misunderstanding.
initial subject of the dispute
fade into the background, did not play a special role, it is not in focus, the focus, the conflict can be described as independent of the motives and reasons for its further occurrence and development are possible even after the loss of the primary subject of disagreement.The conflict situation in their escalation becomes generalized, but more profound.There are additional points of contact between the parties and the opposition have already deployed a large area.CONFLICTOLOGY at this stage of the expansion of fixed spatial and temporal framework.This indicates that this is a progressive, serious nature of the host, the escalation.What is it and how it will affect the subjects involved in the conflict or being watched, will be available only at the end of the confrontation and its scrutiny.
increase in the number of subjects
With increasing confrontation occurs and "reproduction" of participants.Starts unexplainable and uncontrollable influx of new subjects of conflict, which takes a global scale to develop into a group, and so international. D. Change the internal structure of the groups, their composition, their characteristics.Toolkit becomes wider, and the showdown could go a completely different vector.
At this point you can refer to the information that we are psychiatrists.They concluded that in any conflict conscious sphere significantly regresses.And it happens not on the chaotic glamor, but gradually, with the preservation of specific laws.
Stepwise escalation
should deal with what are the mechanisms of conflict escalation.The first two stages can be grouped under a common name - the pre-conflict situation and its development.They are accompanied by an increase in the importance of their own interests and ideas about the world, the fear of inability to get out of the situation exclusively by peaceful means, through mutual assistance and concessions.Tension grows in the mind many times.
On the third stage begins immediately escalated, most of the debate collapses, parties to the conflict to take decisive action pass in which there is some paradoxical.Stiffness, coarseness and violence warring parties try to influence each other, forcing the opponent to change his position.Concede is not going to no one.The wisdom and rationality of disappearing as if by magic, and the main object of attention becomes the image of the enemy.
amazing fact, but on the fourth stage of confrontation human psyche regresses to such an extent that it becomes comparable to the reflexes and behavioral properties of a six-year child.The individual refuses to accept someone else's position, listen to it, guided in their actions only "ego".The world becomes divided by the "black" and "white," good and evil, no rejection or complications are not allowed.The essence of the conflict is unambiguous and primitive.
In the fifth step to break the moral beliefs and the most important values.All parties and the individual elements, characterizing the opponent going into a single image of the enemy, devoid of human traits.Within the group, these people can continue to communicate and interact, so an outside observer is unlikely to affect the outcome of the conflict at this stage.
in terms of social interaction psyche of many people under pressure, there is a regression.In many ways, the psychological resistance of man depends on his education, the type of moral norms, which he learned from personal social experience.
Symmetrical schismogenesis or escalation scientifically
Describe the escalation of the conflict outside help theory, developed by scientists G. Bateson called the theory of symmetric schismogenesis.The term "schismogenesis" refers to changes in the behavior of the individual as a result of socialization and get a new experience at the level of interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts.For schismogenesis there are two versions of the external manifestations:
- The first is a change in behavior, in which certain types of actions of individuals who come into contact, complement each other.For example, when one of the opponents are persistent, and the second conformal and compliant.That is, from the behaviors of different actors of the conflict develops a unique kind of mosaic.
- second option exists only if the same behavioral patterns, for example, both are attacked, but with varying degrees of intensity.
obvious that the escalation of the conflict refers precisely to the second variation schismogenesis.But various forms can be classified escalations.For example, it can not be interrupted and marked by growing tension and can become wavy when sharp edges and mutual pressure of the opponents against each other move is ascending, then falling trajectory.
term "escalation" is used in various fields, not only in psychology and sociology.For example, there is a tariff escalation - the meaning of this term can be read in any economic encyclopedia.It is steep, when the movement of the calm hostility occurs incredibly quickly and without interruption, and sometimes - a sluggish, slow flowing, if not a long time preserving the same level.The latter is often characterized by prolonged or, as they say, chronic conflict.
Models escalation.The positive outcome of
Positive escalation of the conflict - it is an opportunity to eliminate the appearance of a common desire for a peaceful settlement.In this case, both sides need to analyze and choose the rules of conduct that does not violate the principles and beliefs of any of the opponents.In addition, it follows from the whole spectrum of variant solutions and select the most advantageous outcome, and develop them to be for several possible outcomes of a situation.In addition, the disputants need to clearly define and specify their desires and interests, to explain their opposite side, which then must also be heard.Of the list of requirements to choose consistent with the principles of law and justice, and then start trying to implement them using the tools and methods that also have to be accepted and approved by all opponents.
Ignore the conflict, of course, in any case impossible.This is similar to negligence, when people leave the apartment included an iron or a burning match - there is a danger of fire.The analogy between the fire and the conflict is not accidental: and he and the other is much easier to prevent than to extinguish after ignition.Enormous importance is the time component, and after the fire, and spread their terrible quarrel with greater force.These featured the basic principle is similar to the escalation of the disease or epidemic.
escalation of the conflict is often confused, because the contradiction updated with new items, features, and intrigues.Emotions carry with increasing speed and overwhelm all opposition parties.
All this leads us to the conclusion that an experienced leader of any group to learn that among its members erupted or been flowing in full force or serious discord little importance, immediately take corrective actions.Inaction and indifference in this situation is likely to be condemned team will be taken as meanness, cowardice, pusillanimity.
Models escalation.Blind Spot
should be noted that sometimes escalated slows down or even stops.This phenomenon also has to prejudge reasons:
- one opposing side is ready for voluntary concession from the fact that the conflict for some reason it becomes unacceptable.
- One of the opponents aggressively trying to avoid conflict, "fall out" of it, as the conflict situation becomes uncomfortable or unwanted.
- conflict closer to a standstill, the escalation of violence becomes ineffective and unprofitable.
blind spots called this state of affairs, when confrontation comes to a standstill, stop after one or more unsuccessful collisions.Changing the tempo of escalation or it is due to the completion of certain factors.
Factors occurrence "dead point"
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tactics of confrontation was untenable and ineffective in the given conditions. - resources needed to continue the pressure on the opponent, spent and exhausted.They are usually the money, time and energy costs.
- liquidation of support from society, the lack of credibility of the conflicting parties to those who advocate on their behalf.
- costs that exceed acceptable levels or perceived.
Objectively speaking, this stage is characterized by profound changes not, but one of the parties starts a completely different attitude to the conflict and ways of its resolution.When the two sides converge on the fact that the predominance of any of them is not possible, they have to give, to give victory or negotiate.But the point of this stage is to realize that the enemy - it is not just the enemy, personifies all the evils and sorrows of the world.It is an independent and worthy opponent, with their advantages and disadvantages, which can and should find common interests and common ground.This understanding becomes the initial step towards resolving the conflict.
Conclusions
Thus, in clarifying what it means to the escalation of social, cultural and economic terms, we must understand that it is developing in different configurations and models, and its outcome can choose the participants in the conflict, because it depends on themhow well they are able to overcome the contradictions, and how sad it will be.
