geology, topography and natural resources of the Moscow region are based on the fact that the main forms of this area were formed in the neotectonic stage.Moscow for its relief components is not uniform.In the north-west and north is dominated by significant ruggedness, about how in the Southern Urals, while the south-west, this figure is less, to a lesser extent the River "embedded" in the flattened valley.
In the Moscow region in the south-west to north-east stretches the eastern edge of the Oka-Moscow Upland, which is then transferred to the Moscow-Oka watershed (with adjoining Teplostanskoy elevation) and Klin-Dmitrov Ridge.The terrain here is predominantly hilly terrain, passing in the lowlands.The highest point in the Moscow region is not far from Mozhaisk Reservoir, and its height is 310 meters.
Village repeats underground structure
Moscow its topography is closely related to tectonic structure.Here, there is a decrease terrain from southeast to northwest direction, repeating the dynamics of geological layers, which lie almost horizontally and do not belong to the category of tectonic structures.Therefore, Moscow region generally refers to the plains, which have a small probability of occurrence of earthquakes.
Breed region composed primarily of sands and clays
What in such circumstances could be formed minerals?The relief of the territory of the Moscow region indicates that the region is almost entirely under the glacier during the last glaciation.At the same time with much of the area the ice is gone about 70-100 thousand years ago, and from the northwest region - only 10 thousand years ago.Region "is" partly on the site of the ancient crust (Archean-Proterozoic period), and the platform itself has a two-layer structure.The lower layer, "foundation", consists of gneisses, granites, migmatites.
over it for millions of years, a "Case", which reaches a value of from 1 to 3 km, and is in the lower structural layer of petrified, dense clays, silts, on average - from limestone, clay, dolomite, intop - of clastic sediments represented by sand and clay.
Mining: The Moscow region - not the richest place
Moscow is also known that there are no deposits of a number of geological systems.For example, from the Paleozoic era discovered deposits only Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous period of the Mesozoic era there is evidence of the Jurassic and Cretaceous, while the traces of the Triassic there, and kayonozoe found the remains of Paleogene (Neogene and Quaternary present).Therefore, the minerals of the Moscow region can not be rich and diverse from a geological point of view.However, they have successfully extracted.
Peat lead reserves
total in the region there are about eight hundred places where "the accumulation of past eras" are retrieved to the surface and processed.The first (and on the use of reserves) - a peat deposit that the total number of about 1700 found mainly in the Dmitrov and Mytishchi district and close to Mytishchi.Peat is a combustible material, which is formed from the remnants of moss in a wetlands (here's the "useful" lowlands near Moscow).Vegetation under waterlogging decomposed incompletely to provide material, half consisting of carbon, which gives the calorific value of 24 MJ per kilogram, can be used as fertilizer, insulation, etc..
This mineral resource of the Moscow regionas peat, the milling process produces predominantly (corrugations are cut parallel to the ground and exposed to drying).Another way - Excavator - is used less frequently.Russia has the second largest reserves of peat bogs (150 mln. Tons), which, moreover, could be renewed (about 260 million. Tons a year), so the industry has a certain perspective.
Sand for construction
other minerals Moscow region - is sand (sand-gravel materials), without which it can not do any construction process.Fossil materials mined in the suburbs of natural and man-made pits, getting washed river sand or high quality and quarry sand in pure form.The latter contains a lot of impurities in the form of organic matter, clay, dust, quartz grains, so is used for road construction and others. Washed and river sand with fewer extraneous elements used in the manufacture of concrete, bricks, for mixtures used in the finishing works and others.
Raw materials for high-end optics
Minerals Moscow region includes also the so-called "glass sand" (in the north of the Lyubertsy district).In it there is an increased amount of silica (silica) that allows to produce high-purity glass, including optical.Glass sands are quite rare natural phenomenon, so the feedstock often produced by a simple dressing materials (washing, ottirka, electromagnetic separation).
little iron, brown coal and titanium minerals
the Moscow region, the list of which is small, include small deposits of iron ore and titanium (Serebryanoprudsky and Serpukhov region).Ore is presented here mainly "bog iron", which was formed on the outskirts of the ancient wetlands or floodplains.Here, deep in the clay rich in iron and water stagnated under the influence of iron turned into bands of thickness from a few centimeters up to a meter, which today can be extracted and processed.
In addition, ancient bog in which the decayed trees and peat-forming plants, formed a well defined reserves of brown coal, but they are small, have no commercial value and is not currently being developed.Although lignite is also combustible material contains up to 70 percent of the carbon may be the raw material for the chemical industry.
clay in Moscow a lot, and it is different
Another common mineral resource of the Moscow region - is clay.It is a brick (available almost everywhere in the suburbs) and refractory (found primarily in the east).The first option is a clay earthy rock inhomogeneous in chemical composition and particle size, having a high cohesion, tackiness, swelling in water, the ability to take any form and store it after heat treatment.Of such substances make bricks, tiles, wall panels, concrete block, etc., They are added to concrete, used as flashing material in dams.Colourful patterns ferruginous clays can be used for the extraction of mineral pigments for the subsequent preparation of paints.Large deposits of these raw materials are available in Ascension, Zarajsky, Domodedovo district, and others.
fossils that can be invaluable
Minerals Moscow region and their processing allow to make items that are the hallmark of Russia.This primarily Gzhel pottery clay deposit, of which perform china with cobalt painting on a white background.Gzhel career, in addition to multi-colored porcelain clay, known for finding them belemnite shells, ammonites, and limestone in which brachiopods are found, part of the ancient sea lilies, small corals.
Here there are ancient flints with blue trim and the center of a variety of shades of chocolate brown, approaching the quality of chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz geode beautiful, chalcedony.These elements are not extracted on a large scale, although in some way represent the minerals of the Moscow region.But the cost of such samples, even small portions in some cases may be substantial, and sometimes priceless archaeological point of view.
Skeletons of ancient mollusks - a modern construction!
The Moscow region is still rich?Mineral deposits from the class "Carbonate resources" are well represented.These primarily include limestone, which were formed by processes that took place in ancient seas that were once present in the Moscow region.Then, as expected, marine had certain temperature (about 25 ° C) and salinity (35 promille) and developed therein a plurality of coral.But changes in the state of the marine basin resulted in the death of living organisms, from which left outer calcareous skeleton.It's the basis for a powerful multimeter deposits of limestone, which is mined in Schyolkovo under s.Gorodnov, d. Mountains on Pirochinskom field, mountain Popova and others. The material is used mainly in the construction and concrete production, for lime - binder component, and a fine-grained version can be used in the sculpture.
Minerals Moscow Region is not very diverse, but can be used for fishing and for the building, and even jewelery.In the most part they are non-renewable, so should be spent sparingly and produced with minimal adverse effects on the environment.
