lot of terms used by us today, originated in Latin.The Roman Empire, dying under the onslaught of the barbarians, however, influenced the development of culture and civilization throughout Europe and Asia Minor.But the modern world is increasingly based on the achievements of the State, and it, in turn, borrowed much from the conquered predecessors - the Greeks.Researchers believe this culture one.It was born in ancient Greece theater itself.However, succeeding generations transformed it in a somewhat different phenomenon.He began to be called "the Roman amphitheater." What is it?What is it different from the classical Greek theater?
In ancient Greece were very popular mystery in honor of the god Dionysius.The festivities lasted several days, which were declared non-working.They were accompanied by solemn processions and religious rituals.An integral part of the presentation ceremonies were playwrights, singers and reciters.For this purpose, special facilities were built in the open air.On a hillside struggled in the ground or cut down in a rock smooth semicircle.Benches for spectators raised benches to sit in front of people do not interfere with the review being behind and above.The merit of the ancient Romans was that they were from the ranks of spectators created a vicious circle.So they built an amphitheater in the theater.
Greeks did not need to look at the actors on all sides."Theatron" - in Greek "spectacle" - assumed the acting or the choir.Therefore, the public generally looked at their faces.In ancient Rome, the function of the theater changed.There are increasingly arranged fights gladiators took place persecution of animals, even the whole carnage played out, including on water (called such representations naumahiyami).Therefore, the audience was interesting to look at what is happening on the stage from all sides.Ancient architects had to solve the problem of preserving acoustics, increase the spaciousness of the hall, protect spectators from attacking beasts stampede on a possible spectator stands.Amphitheatre in the theater - clear evidence that their task they managed to "excellent."
other things were in ancient Greece.There's space theater consisted of several parts.First of all, orhestry - it was an altar of Dionysus and all the action took place.Then followed Skene - small annex, where the actors dressed and went where.The last was Teatron - semicircle spectator rows.Roman architects moved the place to prepare the actors for the bench to the public.How did they do it?The revolution in the construction of scaffolding for the Roman circuses was that the basic premises of steel not to take the land and build on a flat surface.Thus, amphitheater theater had blank outer wall of equal height to the upper row of spectator seats.
Removing Skene away from the eyes, the architects got a huge space circular or ellipsoid shape.For fatal fights it sprinkled with sand to make it easier to remove the traces of blood.Thus, this place was called "Arena" ("sand").From animals and accidentally hitting the public copy protected podium - a high wall, which served as a partition of the stage and the auditorium.Most large buildings, such as the Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome (Colosseum), as well as in Verona, Nimes, Pompeii, Arles and elsewhere, the great Roman Empire, still preserved, we can admire them.
Depending on the size of the city, such facilities could accommodate from five to 50 thousand spectators.Usually they do not have a ceiling.Acoustics maintained through the use of marble in the construction and other sorts of resonating stones, as well as investing its in the voids between the walls of empty amphorae.A complex system of arcades and passages naturally distributed flow of spectators along the rows, helping to avoid the crush.From the scorching rays of the sun the audience covered awning stretched over poles.But as the aggressive policy of Rome stretched his hand of militant far to the north, there was a need for the construction of covered facilities.This amphitheater theater roof began to carry the name of the Odeon.
