Like all planets in our vast solar system, the Earth makes two major turn - around its axis and around the sun.During one revolution of the Earth around its axis is called day, and the period for which it goes around its orbit around the Sun - a year.This movement is the key to life and the physical laws of the planet on which we all exist.At the slightest failure (which has not yet occurred) work in all spheres of the Earth's ecosystems and living organisms will be broken.
Features
rotation of the planet and the people, in science during one revolution of the Earth around its axis is called the clock.They consist of the day and night, which take place on average over 24 hours.Our planet is spinning counterclockwise, that is, from west to east.Precisely because of this the inhabitants of the eastern regions greeted the dawn of the first, and the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere - the last.Axis is called an imaginary line that runs through the north and south poles of the planet.Thus, these extreme points during rotation uchuvstvuyut not, while all other areas of the earth moving.
Since the motion of the planet is made from west to east, we can see how the entire celestial sphere if passes us in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west.This also applies to the Sun and all the stars that we see at night.An exception is the moon, because it - the earth's satellite, fitted with its own orbit.
movement of our planet in numbers
That day period determines the speed of Earth's rotation around its axis.Within 24 hours of this celestial body must make a full appeal to your personal settings and mass.We have already said that the axis runs through the Earth from north to south, and in the course of this process, the pole does not revolve around her.At this time, all other zones, including the polar and equatorial, move at a certain pace.The speed of rotation of the Earth at the equator maximum.It reaches 1670 km / h.Thus in this region, day and night are equal to the number of hours during the entire year.
rotation speed of the Earth in Italy in the middle reaches 1200 km / h with the seasonal change in the duration of day and night.Thus, we are moving closer to the poles, the slower it rotates planet is gradually coming to a zero indicator.
What are the hours and how they are awarded?
time of one revolution of the Earth around its axis is called day and placed in this gap exactly 24 hours.But it is worth remembering that there is such thing as a solar day and sidereal, which have a small but significant difference.
First, consider all the features of the first type.First, not everyone is our day lasts exactly 24 hours.In those moments when the planet approaches the Sun, its speed of rotation around the axis increases.In periods of distance from the main light of the movement of the planet Earth is slowing down.Therefore, the summer night can flow a little faster, and in the winter they stretch longer.
Regarding sidereal days, their duration is 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.This is the time in which our planet makes its rotation around the axis with respect to some distant star.That is, if the world were a distant sun, the whole turnover of 360 degrees would be complete for the period.Well, in order that he came to the end with respect to the Sun, you need just one degree, which takes just four minutes.
second major rotation of the planets - around the sun goes around the Earth
sun in an elliptical orbit.That is, it is not an appeal of a clear form of a circle, and on the oval circuit.The speed of the Earth around the sun is an average of 107,000 km / h, but this unit is unstable.The average distance of the planet from the sun is 150 million kilometers.Precise and repeatable unit is considered to be the degree of inclination of the Earth's axis relative to the orbit - 66 degrees and 33 seconds, regardless of the time of day and year.Such tilt along with the shape of the orbit, and a variable speed circulation enables us feel seasonal climate change, but not in all latitudes.If the daily fluctuations of time and any changes are multiplied by zero in the vicinity of the poles, the seasonal features and freeze on the equator.Every day of the year here goes the same way as the previous one, with the same weather as well as the duration of the day and night.
ecliptic and its annual cycle
The term "ecliptic" means the cross-section of the celestial sphere, which is within the orbit of the Earth and the Moon.Within the boundaries of an imaginary circle come all the major movements of our planet and the Moon around her.It should be noted that the latter has a considerable influence on the climate, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth.Moon may be the cause of eclipses, tides, tectonic metamorphosis, and more.
As for the ecliptic, this plane has its celestial equator, which has a certain astronomical coordinates.Regarding their estimated slope of all the planets of the solar system.Similarly calculate the position of the stars and galaxies that we see in the sky (because their light gets to the ecliptic, therefore, all viewed celestial bodies are part of it).This theory is the basis of astrology.In accordance with this science, those constellations that pass through the ecliptic, make Zodiac.The only unit that this category is not included, is Ophiuchus.This constellation is visible in the sky, but it is not in the astrological tables.
Summary
We found that during one revolution of the Earth around its axis is called the clock.Recent are solar (24 hours) or sidereal (23 hours 56 minutes).Day and night occurs in all latitudes of the world except the poles.There earth rotation speed is zero.Handling planet around the sun takes a year - 365 days.During this period there is a change of seasons in all corners of the Earth, but not at the equator.This zone is the most stable, while it rotates on its axis at maximum speed.
