monohydric alcohol limit, which is one of the eight isomers of pentanol - is isoamyl alcohol (chemical formula - C5H11OH, rational - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, and empirical - C5H12O).The systematic name of the substance - 3-methylbutanol-1.Other common names - isopentanol (Isopentanol) and izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).
molar mass of alcohol is equal to 88.148 g / mol.In appearance it is unpleasant-smelling, clear, colorless liquid which is lighter than water.The density of the pure substance at 20 ° C - 0.8104 g / cc.Isopentanol melts at a temperature of minus 117.2 ° C plus boiling at 131.1 ° C.Isoamyl alcohol is one of the three isomers of amyl alcohol, which are slightly better than the rest are water soluble.Its solubility in water is 28 g / l.Mixed with acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid (glacial).The dynamic viscosity of 3,692 mPa alcohol • with.Isopentanol is a fire hazard substances (this flammable liquid).His explosive limits 1,2-9%, flash point - plus 42 ° C, the self-ignition - plus 350 ° C.
isopentanol is the main component of fusel oil (which is produced in the manufacture of ethanol), and from which it is prepared.Production technology alcohol feedstock is heated to remove the light ends (first distilled azeotropic mixture ethanol-water, then with increasing temperature-butanol was distilled off to azeotrope water).Further heating in the evaporator allows you to select isoamyl alcohol, and the remaining hard residue is sent to waste.By varying the process parameters (temperature, etc.) regulate the quality of the finished product.The result isopentanol with mass fraction of 3-methylbutanol-1 to 99.0% (according to GOST 5830-79) or 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).
In the presence of a catalyst, which is used as sulfuric acid, isoamyl alcohol reacts with glacial acetic acid.The equation can be written as follows: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O.This reaction has two names: Fischer reaction or esterification reaction.The result is an ester (isoamyl acetate) and water.As the catalyst instead of sulfuric acid can be used acidic ion exchange resin.Isoamyl acetate is an artificial flavor that is used to make food taste of banana.In addition, it serves as a solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers some uses (pheromone) to attract large groups of bees on a small area.Due to intense pleasant smell and low toxicity, isoamyl acetate is used to test the effectiveness of respirators or masks.
Isoamyl alcohol is a drug, it is poisonous.Its vapors are irritating to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, causing choking and coughing.It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled.May cause central nervous system depression.For the most part suffer from alcohol poisoning the central nervous system, lungs, eyes, skin.Prolonged or repeated contact with them resulting in dryness and defatting of the skin.As a result of ingestion occurs gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.Hit him in the lungs causing chemical pneumonitis with fatal outcome.Narcotic effect occurs with symptoms of headache, weakness, dizziness, loss of consciousness.As a result, the injured person may fall into a coma.
If isoamyl alcohol gets into your eyes, they are a long time (at least 15 minutes), washed with plenty of water and seek medical help.If you get it on the skin, these sites are also washed with plenty of water.Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.If irritation develops and persists, then seek medical attention.Clothing before reuse sure to erase.If swallowed, get medical help immediately.Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.An unconscious person, never give anything by mouth.If vomiting occurs naturally, the victim lean forward.If poisoning pairs isoamylalcohol patient bring to the fresh air.If he is not breathing, the CPR.If breathing is difficult give oxygen.Medical help is required!The doctor assigns symptomatic and supportive treatment.
