Opposites - is opposed to each other in meaning, but belonging to the same part of speech the word.They have a different spelling and meaning.To determine the value of one antonym is easy through the other, enough to give him the form of a rejection.For example, direct antonym to the word say - do not keep silent, sad - not fun and so on.In this article we will look at in more detail the concept of "opposites" and learn their views.
General
view of the wealth of the Russian language, there are many nuances and subtleties from any part of the speech.Not for nothing in schools and some universities studied numerous books on linguistics.
- notable is that due to the polysemy of language units, opposites of the same word in different contexts are different.For example: old boar - a young boar, old car - new car, old cheese - fresh cheese and so on.
- Opposites are not every lexical unit.They are not, for example, the words sew Institute book and so on.
- main feature is the opposition of words that can be denoted:
- signs of the object ( clever - stupid, evil - good) ;
- social and natural phenomena ( talent - mediocrity, heat - cold );
- status and operation ( disassemble - to collect, remember - remember ).
Types antonyms
They are different in structure.
- single rooted antonyms - words opposite in meaning, but have the same root.For example: love - dislike of progress -regress .They are formed by attaching prefixes (non-without / c, re-, de- and so on).
- Raznokornevye antonyms - words, polar meaningfully and with different roots.For example: large - small, black - white .
In turn, the first type is also divided into: antonyms, euphemisms (loyal express contrast, the difference between, for example: major - minor) and enantiosemy (express opposition of the same word, for example: view (in the sense ofsee) and view (in the sense of miss).
also highlights another group: contextual antonyms - words that differ in importance only in some particular case. For example, in the author's performance: she had no eye - and eyes .
On value antonyms are following.
- opposite: they represent the polarity of the action, effects or symptoms. Typically, between similar antonyms can put a word with a neutral value: joy - apathy - sadness, positive - indifference - negative.
- Vector: they represent divergent actions: wear - to remove, open - close.
- Conflicting: indicate the polarity of objects, phenomena and signs, each of which excludes the other.Between them it is impossible to put a neutral word: right - left.
functions antonyms
The proposal stylistic opposites play a role and are used to make the speech more expressive.Often they are used as the antithesis (opposition, contrast).Example: "Who was nothing will become everything."Sometimes opposites form an oxymoron (compound unjoinable).Example: "Hot Snow", "The Living Corpse".
Opposites are widely used not only in the title, but in proverbs and sayings.
