Ob River originates from the confluence of the mountain streams Biya and Katun, near the southern border regions of Russia, near the village of Fominskoe - a suburb of the city of Biisk Altai Territory.It is the artery of Western Siberia and its waters of a country such as Russia.
Ob River in the northeastern part of the Asian continent, in the Altai Territory, near the administrative border with the Republic of Altai, there are two mountain rivers, the beauty - Katun and Biya.They give rise to great deep river with not solved until now called Ob.As one of the assumptions about the place names of the geographical name of his associate with the word "two."
Ob River which originates?This place is marked on the map as north latitude 52.5 degrees east longitude and 85 degrees.Ob flows through five regions, crossing the West Siberian Plain to the south-east to north.Estuary believe Ob Bay of 8 thousand. Km - is the Gulf of the Kara Sea.The place where the river flows into the Ob, is located above the Arctic Circle.It is noted in the coordinates 66.5 degrees north latitude and 69 degrees east longitude.
At the mouth of the location there are no differences.Everyone knows where the river flows.Obi is credited with various data on its extent.Some scientists summarize the actual length of the riverbed with the length of its left tributary of the Irtysh.It turns out quite an impressive distance - 5140 km.Others offer long Obi assumed from its origins as a more Katun longest river (688 km) than Biya (301 km), and get a different meaning.But we can not diminish the importance of independent and unique waterways of the planet - the Irtysh and Katun.In addition, the Irtysh most part belongs to Kazakhstan.The correct length of the watercourse will be considered equal to 3650 km - from the confluence of the Biya and Katun up to the Gulf of Ob, which flows into the Ob river.The State water register are given the same data.There's also stated description of the location where the river flows into the Ob: Ob Bay of the Kara Sea, entering the pool Arctic Ocean.
hydrological regime
So, the length of the watercourse - 3650 km.On this parameter among the Ob river Russia second, second only to Lena.
catchment area of the Ob - nearly 3 million square meters.km.With this impressive site is the first in importance among Russian rivers, forming a huge amount of surface water runoff.For the Gulf of Ob, which flows into the Ob, reaches 357 cubic meters.km of river waters.
average flow rate (volume of water in cubic meters. M / s) fixed long-term observations at gauging stations 1470 - from Barnaul (upper), 12 300 - near the city of Salekhard, located near the Gulf of Ob, which flows into the Ob river.Maximum abundance of water flow (during floods), registered in the gauging stations, approximately: Barnaul - 9690, Salekhard - 42,800 (cu. M / s).
Over 161 thousand streams, small, medium and large rivers carry their water in the Ob.The total length of the tributaries - 740 thous. Km.Most of them (94%) - small rivers (length not more than 10 km).Large inflows of more than 1,000 km in length: Irtysh, Vasyugan and Big Yugan - they fall from the left bank;Chulym and Ket - right bank.
depth Obi - from 2-6 m in the beginning, Biysk, comes to 25 m from the city of Novosibirsk (near HPP), is reduced to 8 m near the mouth of the Tom and increases again to 15 meters in the upperGulf of Ob, which flows into the river.Obi area characterized by small deviations from 4.5 cm at baseline to 1.5 cm (per 1 km length) in the downstream flow.The width of the floodplain changes.It is 5 km away at the start and 50 km in the region of the Gulf of Ob, which flows into the river.Obi inherent characteristics of the river spill flat spring flood and autumn floods.
economic importance in terms of inaccessibility due to the wetlands of the West Siberian Plain, Ob since 1844 used for transport purposes.Navigation continues up to 190 days a year.In Novosibirsk in 1961 commissioned hydroelectric power plant - the main supplier of energy to the population and enterprises of the Siberian Federal District.A favorite holiday destination Novosibirsk - beaches reservoir formed during the erection of hydroelectric dams.Because it is a fence made of water for drinking, household and industrial enterprises of the Novosibirsk agglomeration.The river is used for fishing - it is home valuable species of sturgeon, whitefish and ordinary fish.The Ob resets neutralized and the effluent of industrial and municipal enterprises.In the Altai region river water irrigate farmland, doing them on Kulunda irrigation system.
Cities Obi
Since ancient times, people settled on the banks of rivers.Do not stay aside and Mother Ob - beside her are many settlements.We call the largest in terms of population.At the beginning of the river is Biysk, founded in 1709, with a population of 200 thousand. Man.Next - Barnaul, Altai Territory center, founded in 1730, the population - more than 600 thousand. People.Novosibirsk - the main city of the SFO, founded in 1893, it is inhabited by more than 1.5 million people.Tomsk region - the port Kolpashevo (1938, 23 thousand people.)..Oil town of Khanty-Mansiysk region with a population of over 300 thousand. People.each - Nizhnevartovsk (1908) and Surgut (1594).Center of the Yamal-Nenets district - Salekhard (1595, 50 thousand people.). Is on the right bank of the Ob.Opposite him on the left bank is Labytnangi (1900, 26 thousand people.)..
Summarizing
Among Russian watercourses great river Ob in their basic characteristics takes:
- 1st place - area catchment area - 2 million 990 thousand sq. M.km.
- 2nd place - by the length of the main channel - 3650 km.
- 3rd place - on the annual total volume of flow - 357 cubic meters.km.
