man, at a certain stage of its development, began to adjust the nature for themselves.He began to domesticate wild animals that could benefit him.In the same way there and cultivated trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses.In this article we look at the history of the appearance and characteristics of cultivated plants, particularly trees.
Cultivated Plants - what is it?
Crop called those plants which are grown by man in any particular order.It may be getting food, raw materials for industries, drugs or animal feeds.Such plants are also referred to agriculture.Among them are particularly isolated and trees culture, which will be discussed in this article.
all cultivated plants are divided into several groups.In particular, stand out:
- cereal crop plants;
- legumes;
- on sugar;
- starchy;
- oilseeds;
- fruit (trees cultural belong to this group);
- vegetables and melons;
- tonics and drugs.
study of the characteristics and origin of cultivated plants engaged scholars such as NIVavilov, EVWolf, G.Tanfil'ev, VLMosquitoes and other.
little history
way or another, and are the ancestors of cultural plants growing wild.With the selection of measures, scientists were able to get them higher yields, but because of acclimatization they began to grow and bear fruit in a new and unusual for themselves conditions.
VII millennium BC - this is the time when it began to develop the cultural crop.It was then that began to appear first cultivated plants - trees, shrubs and grasses.
If you raise the issue of geography, it becomes clear that the process of domestication of flora person simultaneously held in completely different, distant from each other, areas.Thus the appearance of the centers of most crop plants become uplands and mountains of tropical and subtropical zone - the Atlas Mountains, the Caucasus, the Andes, the Armenian and Abyssinian highlands and so. D.
Why them?The fact that these areas are different in several obvious advantages:
- slope protection from cold winds;
- diversity of natural and climatic features (due to altitudinal zones);
- abundance of heat and sunlight;
- presence of permanent water sources.
famous scientist NIVavilov in the 20-30-ies allocated 7 center of origin: East Asian, South Asian, South-West Asian, Mediterranean, Central American, South American and Ethiopian.
Trees and cultural features
Cultural trees, somehow descended from the wild.However, they may differ materially.However, some of the trees are so changed his appearance, which is now very difficult to identify from whom they originated.
main feature is that the cultural tree species have their own areas of natural distribution.
Cultural tree - is a unified and holistic living system, which consists of two closely related and interacting parts:
- elevated (trunk and crown);
- underground (root system).
Cultural trees: examples
All cultural trees can be divided into two major groups:
- Decorative - applied to landscaping and creating parks, gardens, squares (this is a willow, acacia, arborvitae, chestnut, ash, sycamore andm. n.).
- Fruit - cultivated for fruits and food (this apple, pear, peach, cherry, plum, quince, apricot, and others).
Apple - genus of trees of the family of pink, which is characterized by its delicious sweet and sour fruit of rounded shape.Today, there are about 10 thousand varieties of this tree!Most of them belong to the species Apple Tree home.It is believed that the birthplace of the cultivated apple - it foothills Alatau, on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan.From there it migrated to Europe, where he became the center of her breeding Ancient Greece.It is known that in Kievan Rus, under Yaroslav the Wise, was already laid down the apple orchard.
Cherry - a tree from the family of pink, with sweet fruit that is widely cultivated.It is a heat-loving plants than cherry.Scientists believe that the Europeans knew about the cherries even in the eighth century BC.
Peach (Persian plum) - a tree from the family of pink, delicious fruit that is widely used for the production of canned fruit and peach butter.In particular, the fruit are very popular in the United States.Homeland of the tree, presumably, a northern China.In Europe the first peach garden was founded in the I century in Italy.
In conclusion ...
cultural Trees are extremely useful to man.Not only did they give us a lot of valuable and tasty fruit, but also pleasing to the eye in our parks and gardens.It is difficult to imagine life without the culture of trees and plants.At the same time, scientists and breeders continue to display all their new varieties.
