"Table of Ranks" Tsarist Russia (1722-1917) predstalyaet a law on the procedure for objection to the civil service in the Russian Republic and the Russian Empire, it also indicated the ratio of different seniority ranks and the order in which the chinoproizvodstvo.
it has been approved by Peter I in January 1722 and lasted until November 1917 with numerous changes.In some areas controlled by the Cossack and white Governments, its action remained until October 1922.Law "Table of Ranks" of the Russian Federation does not exist.
History
Tsar Peter actively participated in the creation and editing of this law, which is based on borrowing from the list of officials of the Prussian, French, Danish and Swedish kingdoms.Peter personally amending the rough draft, signed it in 1721, but before the publication ordered to bring the law to the Senate.
Content "Table of Ranks" Tsarist Russia, except the Senate, was seen in the Admiralty, and the Military Collegium, which was made a number of comments about how the post by rank officials, the salaries of salaries, as well as the introduction of ancient Russian officialsin the report card and the elimination of the item on penalties for engaging in place, which was higher than the corresponding rank in the church.All data points were, however, left without further consideration of the law "Table of Ranks" (Russian Empire).In developing the final attended by members of the Senate and Bruce Golovkin and Dmitriyev-Mamonov and Matyushkin - Major General.
"Table of Ranks": how to serve the State in Tsarist Russia
January 24, 1722 the king approved the document.All ranks now divided into the following three types: a civilian, military and court.They also include 14 different classes.
"Table of Ranks" in Tsarist Russia had a total of 263 positions, but then some of it was abolished, and in the late 18th century, disappeared altogether.
hereditary nobility
14 th grade (Fendrick, and later, with the 1730, Warrant Officer) gave a man the right to hereditary nobility, which in the civil service was acquired on reaching the eighth grade (rank of collegiate assessor), and 14th (thecollegiate registrar have) the right to provide only the nobility of his carrier.
hereditary nobility Manifesto, published 11 June 1845, was acquired along with the production of the 8th class (which corresponds to head a commission).Those born before their father got it, children were a special category.They were called the chief officer's children.At the same time one of them would be granted hereditary nobility at the request of his father.
Changes in the future in the "Table of Ranks"
in December 1856 restricted, Alexander II issued a decree entitled to receive citizens of the hereditary nobility rank of colonel (this 6th grade), and the civil service - Grade 4.
As you can see, the original version, which had a "Table of Ranks" in Tsarist Russia was changing as a result of reforms for nearly two centuries.A number of civilian positions has become a name of civil officials, regardless of the actual duties of their representatives.
Abolished name
For example, the name "collegiate assessor", "collegiate secretary", "State Councillor," "the collegiate counselor" at first meant a post which acted board member with decisive and consultative vote, the secretary of the board, andalso the president of "The State" board.Chairman of Court Court was called "the court counselor."In 1726, the above-mentioned courts were abolished, and the name of the rank remained until 1917.
"Table of Ranks" in Tsarist Russia gave the opportunity to talented people, representatives of the lower classes, to advance, including to receive nobility.
Separation ranks
Ranks divided into headquarters officer, chief officer (up to grade 9, ie the rank of titular counselor / captain inclusive) and the generals.We highlight the ranks of the first two classes (top generals).They assumed their appeal: for senior officers - "Your Honour", based Ofitserova had to be called - "Your Honour", the generals - "Your Excellency," and of the first two classes - "Your Excellency."
stood aloof ranks 5th grade (state councilor / foreman), is not listed among neither generals nor officers, they were supposed to appeal the following - "Your Honor."
ranks, although it is not specifically stipulated, given exclusively to men.Wives act according to their husbands rank, and unmarried girls were considered by several ranks lower than their fathers.Also introduces a rule according to which the demand for places and honor above his rank during official meetings and public celebrations relied fine, which amounted to two months' salary of the person, of which 2/3 of the money needed to get donositeli.The same penalty is imposed for a concession to the lowest rank of the person your seat.Livery, crew, life - everything has to be in accordance with the rank occupied.
Preference military officers Peter I
by Peter I, stressing throughout in preference to a civilian war, did not want to set for those in the civil service, the relevant officials of the first class.However, persuaded by Osterman, equated for reasons of prestige of the diplomatic rank of the Chancellor (head of a diplomatic corps) to it.
Chin privy councilor I class was established only later.Preference Peter reflected in the fact that if the army with the rank of 14th class achieved hereditary nobility, the civil service - only with the rank of collegiate assessor (Grade 8, based officer rank).Starting in 1856 this would have to obtain a general's rank, that is, become actual state councilor.
Indicative in this respect also rank fairly low (not even a general's), who had a college president, "The State", that is, the minister for European concepts.
Later ministers gave officials privy councilor and actual privy councilor.
Impact on the nobility and society
With the introduction of this ancient law officials (courtiers, nobles) were not formally abolished, but has since stopped their destination."Table of Ranks" has had a great impact on the historical fate of the nobility, as well as the service schedule.Only personal merit was the sole regulator of service provision.Breed, "paternal honor" has lost all meaning in that regard.This is a major historical significance of this document as the "Table of Ranks" in Tsarist Russia.
from the court and the civil service has been separated military.Acquisition Award monarch nobility, personal achievement was legalized.It has affected the whole of the nobility of democratization, consolidation of the serving of his nature, and the division of this class into new groups - personal and landed.
Chin lower class in the army (14 class Fendrick, and later, with the 1730 - Ensign) immediately grants the right to purchase for all the descendants of the nobility.Later, the Manifesto in 1845, it began to give only the 8th grade, and in the civil service - the 5th.
