Crusades were conducted in Western Europe in the 11-15 th centuries AD, and their goal was to appeal the heathen nations to Christianity, or the release of Christian holy places from the yoke of the infidels.
Getting Traffic Crusaders
In March 1095 Council of Clermont was held, after which Pope Urban called on the Europeans to go to the East.The reasons for this movement he considered a lack of food for the people of Europe and the need to take Christian shrines pagans.So he began to form the Order of the Crusaders, who had to go to the march to the Gentiles, and urged ordinary people to join.
Movies 1095-1290 years were designed to capture Jerusalem, which housed the Holy Sepulchre.In those days, Christians also fought against the Turks, with the pagans in the Baltic States and Eastern Slavs, who professed a different kind of Christianity.Pope Urban II delivered a staunch ideologue campaign against the Turks, and all those who agreed to fight at his side, he promised the complete abolition of their debts to the state pension and their families who remained in Europe.People under his banners were many, and therefore the invasion of the Crusaders in the East took place.
consequences of the first campaign
Since the idea of Pope Urban divided not only knights and nobles and common people, and then went to the East a large army.As a result, Jerusalem was conquered, in 1099 became the founding year of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Enthusiastic participants crusade fueled also stories that the Turks conquered Jerusalem, mistreated with Christian pilgrims and heavily oppressed them.
became the first king of Jerusalem Baldwin, brother of the leader of the Crusade, Godfrey of Bouillon.He added to his territories of Beirut and Sidon.Baldwin is largely responsible for any orders established Crusaders in the conquered countries.So, here in a variety of settled Italians, who were given permission to trade and open ports.For a look at the order of knights, which in this kingdom opened their order.
Other states Crusaders
Kingdom of Jerusalem was not the only State which created the Crusaders.In this period it was based County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, Tripoli County.There was the Order of the Crusaders Knights of St. John.
principality of Antioch took the Mediterranean coast, and its population was somewhere in the thirty thousand people.Once there lived the Crusaders, who came from Italy and Normandy.
County of Edessa appeared in 1098, and appeared on the land that was originally inhabited by the Armenians.This county is a large area, but it did not have access to the water bodies.Residents there were about 10 000 people.The county had vassal territory.The Crusader states, the map of which was from the Muslim rulers, there were short-lived.
first quarter of the twelfth century was marked by the fact that increased ownership of the Crusaders.In 1100 soldiers of Christ captured the city of Tripoli and Caesarea, two years later he was captured Acre.After that it was created Tripoli County.It turned out to be the head of Bertrand, Count of Toulouse.What are the orders of the Crusaders established in the conquered countries, it can be judged by how many cities were burned and how many local people were killed.
decline of the kingdom of Jerusalem
heyday of this area took place during the reign of Baldwin of Edessa.He was considered a person, religiously observant Christian ideals, he had a wife - Queen Melisende - and son.His son Baldwin third began to rule the kingdom after his father's death.At this time, the state of the Crusaders in the East came together and became a stronghold of the Christian religion.Third Heir Baldwin Baldwin became fourth.
Since 1185 began the decline of the kingdom.It changed several rulers.In 1189, on the horizon from the emperor of this kingdom it appears Salahaddin from his Muslim army.They take in the siege of Jerusalem, which hides a lot of the Christian fugitives.After the capture of the city of its inhabitants were still alive, but they had to pay a ransom.Do not pay the ransom became slaves.Locals remember what orders established Crusaders in the conquered countries, and therefore more willing to go under the authority of the Muslim Sultan.
In 1229, King Frederick II at the time of the town back into the possession of the Christians.But soon the Muslims seized him again, and in 1285 the last Knights run away to Cyprus, leaving Jerusalem Muslim shelves.An important role in the capture of Jerusalem Mamluk Sultan Baybars played.Battle Crusaders Muslims lasted three days.
Children's Crusade
one of the tragic pages of the Crusades is the Children's Crusade, which began in 1212.In one of the French villages appeared Stefan Shepherd, who announced that supposedly only with the help of children can release the Holy Sepulchre, and called on children to go to Jerusalem.As a result, he was able to collect up to thirty thousand followers.
further developed their pitiable fate: some were killed by various disasters, some were sold into slavery.Many died on the way.Later, the Pope freed them from crusading vow, postponing its implementation until their maturity.
How did the Crusades in the Middle East
Influence of the Crusades in the history and economy of various countries is ambiguous.On the one hand, because of this there was a rise of Italian cities in which trade has developed.On the other hand, the economy and culture of Syria and Palestine were in the doldrums.Much depended on what orders established Crusaders in the conquered countries.
Syria and Palestine suffered because of the raids of the crusaders, many cities were destroyed and burned.Cities such as Edessa, Ashkelon and Qaisar, finally went into oblivion.In 1227 he was finally destroyed Tinnis, the third largest city of the then Egypt.At the end of the thirteenth century the coastal part of Palestine was a devastated country, where no one dared to settle.
Many handicraft centers of Syria and Palestine were destroyed forever, and never recovered, and the people from there moved to Egypt.
