idea to erect a monument to Ivan Fedorov was born in 1870.The initiative came from the Moscow Archaeological Society.In the same year was declared all-Russian subscription, the proceeds of which was supposed to direct the development and installation of the monument.After 39 years, in 1909, the grand opening of the monument.
Historical information
first printed edition, which appeared in Russia, dated March 1, 1564, but started this work long before the book - April 19, 1563.Name of the person who dedicated the printing business for many years of his life - Moskovitin Ivan.Posterity, he is known as a pioneer Ivan Fyodorov.
Biography Fedorova not fully understood.In particular, there is no reliable information about his appearance, the details of the private life.But we know that by the time when Ivan Fedorov engaged in printing, he had a spiritual rite - served as a deacon in a church in the Moscow Kremlin and was among close individuals Metropolitan Macarius.
Prior to these events, he finished the Krakow University and was awarded a bachelor.In those days such education was considered very prestigious.It is assumed that a student Ivan Fedorov became acquainted with the technology of printing, which was invented by Johann Gutenberg.
Description
sculpture monument to Ivan Fedorov set on a low pedestal, which contains the release date of the first printed book.It also shows a sign "JF".That's what the master pointed out all their work.On the reverse side of the pedestal contains an inscription taken from the epilogue to the first book printed on the machine.
sculpture depicts a human figure dressed in wizard.Given the absence of information on the appearance of Ivan Fyodorov, we can assume that the creators of the monument presented in his work a generalized image of the Russian people.
in his right hand holds a master sheet is printed with a print.With his left hand he holds a board - member of the printing press.
authors sculpture
The story tells how a monument to Ivan Fedorov in Moscow, is interpreted differently by different art critics.Some of them claim that in 1901 a competition was announced to create a sculpture, in which the winners were the architect and sculptor Volnukhin Mashkov.They liked the idea so the jury that the odds of winning at the other candidates left.
According to contemporaries, artists wishing to participate in a contest where you had to create a monument to Ivan Fedorov, was very high.Commission presented their projects not only nationals of the great educator, but also talented artists from many European countries.
choosing a place for the monument in Moscow
place where there is a monument to Ivan Fedorov, not a historical one.Initially, he was not far from the St. Nicholas street.It was there that housed the first Printing House.Mint printing press led Ivan Fedorov.
Here was published the first copy of "apostle".This event belongs to the 1563-1564 year.Historically, it was on the street Nicholas has always been a lot of second-hand bookstores and shops.Part of the street and called - "book".
In XX century monument to Ivan Fedorov in Moscow moved from place to place several times.Such decisions are taken by the Government in connection with the political changes in the country's life, or have been associated with the construction unfolded in this part of town.
public capital makes suggestions, which states that the monument to Ivan Fedorov has to take its rightful place, connected with the history of printing in Russia.This is a proposal supported by historians, priests and all those who cherish the history of Russia.
The story of the monument to Ivan Fedorov and his companions during their stay in Moscow, they can be heard from any guide, conducting tours to these memorial sites.
Typography Ukraine and Lithuania
The events of those distant years when he lived Ivan Fedorov, unfolded, so that he and his closest aide Peter Mstislavets, was forced to leave Moscow.This was preceded by the burning of typography, which was destroyed by fire, and the violent persecution of the masters of printing from the scribes.
first Ivan Fedorov went to Lithuania, where he took up his life's work.The books were printed here were not only religious orientation, but also enlightening.One such book is a tool for literacy.
Later Ivan Fedorov moved to the Ukrainian land.There he opened his own printing house and put the beginning of printing in Ukraine.It was in this printing press was released the second edition of "apostle".
December 5, 1583 Ivan Fyodorov died and was buried in Lviv in the famous monastery of St. Onufrievskom.
The fate of this distinguished man was not only the glory and honor.He had to endure persecution, hatred of people, poverty, treachery.But all the tests have been overcome by the firm conviction in the rightness of their cause.
Heritage Ivan Fedorov
now known twelve editions printed directly Ivan Fyodorov.All of them are the most valuable monuments of the art of printing and are the property of the states on the territory of that store.
museum visitors can see the fonts, cast the first printing masters.They have clearly read today.Uppercase letters, screensavers, ending the pages of books and the different intricacies of extraordinary elegance drawing.
main distinguishing feature of all the books printed by Ivan Fedorov - is the presence of the foreword and afterword the publisher.The language of these calls is simple and clear to everyone.It says only that Ivan Fedorov predicted - for the printed book of the future of humanity.He never doubted that his message will be read by new generations.
Memory descendants
Monument to pioneer Ivan Fyodorov is not only in the Russian capital.This man is remembered in other countries.His merits before mankind are immense, and people revere his memory.Monument to Ivan Fedorov established in Lviv.In addition, there is a museum of ancient Ukrainian art of the book.This cultural institution bears the name of Ivan Fedorov.
in 1983 by the decision of the international organization UNESCO around the world celebrate the 400th anniversary of the death of this remarkable man.Annually held in Moscow Book Fair.As part of this event has always planned events where recall about the merits of Ivan Fedorov and his associates.
