often called oil, "black gold", as it brings good profit to the people, who produces it.Many wonder how oil was formed and what its composition.Next, try to understand this.
Main components
The composition of oil includes the following components:
- Hydrocarbon.This component is divided, in turn, naphthenic, aromatic elements and methane type.
- Asphaltic.Divided group of data elements and substances soluble in gasoline.They are called asphaltenes.Also, the insoluble components (resins).
- Ash.This variety of chemical substances produced by burning oil.
Purpose
This product comes in two forms.Namely, there is crude and refined oil.In the first case it refers to a substance that is formed in nature.Among other things, it is composed of fragments of rocks, gases, water and salt.Due to the fact that these components do not bear the desired person and damage to the equipment oil producers, they get rid of them by cleaning the oil.
Of this mineral produced plastics, detergents, paints, explosives.Diesel and gasoline and is produced from oil.Even the tires are made from this mineral.Another of the oil produced some drugs.
fossils - a fertile material.And from this and the energy is converted.Namely, mechanical, thermal, etc.If oil reserves are exhausted, then the people will have to look for her replacement.This material replaces likely hydrogen contained in water.But humanity has yet to learn how to carry energy from hydrogen.To date, scientists have been working on this issue.
As oil formed?
consider this point in more detail.There are two theories about how oil is formed.They currently have their opponents and supporters among scientists.
Theory number one called biogenic.According to her, the process of formation of oil is carried out from various organic remains of plants and animals over millions of years.This theory was first put forward the famous Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov
Human civilization is developing much faster than the rate of formation of oil.Therefore, it is a non-renewable natural resource.According to the biogenic theory, the oil will run out in the near future.Some scientists predict that the production of "black gold" will last no more than 30 years.
Another theory is much more upbeat and provides hope for major oil companies.Call it abiogenic.The founder of this theory was the DIMendeleev.One day, having visited Baku, he met with the famous geologist Herman Abikh who shared with him their thoughts about how oil is formed.Abikh noticed that all the large deposits of this fossil are mainly located near the cracks and fissures of the crust.
taking note of this information, Mendeleev created his own theory about how oil is formed in nature.It states that the surface waters that penetrate deep into the earth's crust through cracks, react with metals and carbides.As a result, hydrocarbons are formed.They rise gradually over the same cracks in the earth's crust.Over time, these areas produced oil field.This process takes no more than 10 years.
This theory about how oil is formed in the land entitles scientists say that the stocks of the substance will be enough for many centuries.That is, deposits of this mineral can be restored, if the person will cease at the time of extraction.This is done in conditions of constant population growth is absolutely impossible.One hope remains on the new fields.As of today, we are working to identify the latest evidence of the truth of abiogenic theory.Famous Moscow scientists have shown that if the heat to 400 degrees any hydrocarbon that has polinaftenovoy component, it will be the allocation of pure oil.It is a significant fact.
Oil artificial
In laboratory conditions it is possible to obtain the product.It learned to do in the last century.Why do people mined deep underground oil, and do not get it by synthesis?The fact that it will be a huge market value.Its produce very profitable.
The fact that the product can receive in vitro, confirming the above abiogenically theory.It recently supported by many.
What produced natural gas
Consider for comparison the origin of this fossil.Dead organisms, falling to the bottom of the sea, are in an environment where they are not decayed or by oxidation (there is almost no air and oxygen) or under the action of microbes.As a result of them were formed mud sediments.Due to the geological movements, they went down to great depths, penetrating the bowels of the earth.Over millions of years, these sediments were exposed to high temperatures and pressures.As a result, it held a certain process in these deposits.That is, the carbon that was contained in the sediments, the transition in compounds called hydrocarbons.This process is nemaloznachimym in formation of said substance.
high molecular weight hydrocarbons are liquid substances.Of these, and create oil.But low molecular weight hydrocarbons are gaseous substance type.In nature, found a considerable number of them.Just have natural gas and work.Only this requires a higher pressure and temperature.Therefore, where the oil is extracted, it is always present, and natural gas.
Over time, many of these mineral deposits are left to a considerable depth.Over millions of years of sediment blocked.
Determining the price of oil and
consider this terminology.At the price of oil is the monetary equivalent of the ratio of supply and demand.There is a certain relationship.That is, if the proposal falls, up to the value of alignment with demand growing.
The oil price also depends on the futures contracts, or the product of a different sort.This is a significant factor.Due to operational oil quotes is sometimes advantageous to trade stock index futures.The cost of the product is indicated in the international format.Namely in US dollars per barrel.Thus, the cost to 45.50 on UKOIL means that 1 barrel of Brent said product costs $ 45.50.
price of oil - is a very important indicator for the Russian stock market.Its value has a great influence on the development of the country.Basically, the dynamics of this index is determined by what kind of economic situation in the United States.It is important to know in deciding how the price of oil is produced.To effectively predict the dynamics of the stock market value of the required review of the mineral over time (a week), and not only that, what is the price today.
Total
The above contains a lot of useful information.After reading this text, everyone can find out on the issue of how oil and gas is produced in nature.
