Voivod - is a complex concept made up of two parts: "howl" - "host" and "water" - "leader of the driver."Literally, we get "the driver of the troops."
word "governor" - Slavic in Latin corresponds dux, and the German - Herzog.In those days, the ancient Slavs life was mainly military, and it was customary to choose the tribal leaders in the Chamber in case of a military threat.When it ended, the power of the magistrates stopped.
Empowerment
In the 17th century there was a threat to the identity of the Baltic and western Slavs, as danger lurks from all sides, so popular government changed a bit.
Governors were now the Russian authorities not only military, but also civil and spiritual.There were chiefs of the tribe, "vladavtsy" so-called "supreme commander", they also performed the duties of Chief Justices and high priests.Over time many Slavs called "governor" was transformed into the concept of "Prince."The specific period of each of them had its own army, and governor.He was a man performing martial wartime functions, and in charge of the various peaceful civil cases.
When confirmed autocracy, regimental commanders appointed only Moscow sovereigns.Men divided into five regiments, which were headed by one or more teams.Mainly the head of a large regiment.Helped magistrates clerks, who carried out the census and were cash transactions.After the outbreak of hostilities had to check all the fighting men on the lists, as well as create new money issuance for the correct salary.The title of military governor was abolished under Peter the Great, had left a civilian.
Transformation concepts
In the 16th century there was a small reform.Local magistrates were called annual since appointed a year later - a policeman.In the 17th century there was a general introduction of the post.In the Time of Troubles, there is a need in the military authority for each city, as well as the governing body for Moscow and the provinces, which would have authority over all social classes.Not usually sends a governor and more (the second and third magistrates), clerks and clerks.At the disposal of the governor was a large part of the sectors of local governance.Their duties include set of forces, issuing salary money or bread, catching thieves and robbers, fugitives.They had to take measures to protect against fires, epidemics, monitor illegal games and spectacles, eliminate split, follow the clergy and parishioners of the church visit.Voivod - is, among other things, the judge.He decided civil cases to 100, and then to 500 rubles.Those over which the magistrates had no power, were sent to Moscow.The death penalty is most often not part of their mandate, but some were granted and this right.Provincial service was very competitive, "self-serving".This explains its brevity: The service lasted for a year or two, sometimes three.
Abolition governor
In 1775, the position of the governors was abolished.Voivodship offices, took place with them since the reign of Peter, were closed.In Poland, however, the post existed till the end of the 18th century.
Voivod Mikhail Vorotynsky
Since 1543 Vorotynsky appointed commander in the city of Belev.He distinguished himself during the attack Sahib Giray, the Crimean Khan.This happened in 1541.The battle took place at the turn of the Oka.All attempts of the crossing to the opposite bank were in vain, as it is well guarded by Russian troops.Sahib Giray he decided to try to break through with the help of the approaching Turkish artillery.Tatars opened cannon fire and began to cross the river, but they were stopped by Russian troops, who arrived a little later, and the Crimean Khan was forced to stop the offensive.Sahib Giray has changed the direction of impact and moved troops to Pronsk.The assault began on August 3.City shelled, but it managed to defend.The next day, Khan moved into the steppe.He pursued Michael Vorotynsky brothers Vladimir and Alexander.The result of their campaign has been captured 45 languages - spies sent to Moscow.In 1551, Mikhail Ivanovich received the rank of "king's servants", and next year will play a huge role in the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan.In May 1566 Ivan the Terrible Vorotynsk bestow the rank of boyar.
Pretich
Another famous ancient Russian representative office of a Governor Pretich.He headed the brigade to assist Princess Olga of Kiev during a siege in 968.It Pretich made peace with the Pecheneg Khan.
In conclusion it should summarize what has been said.So, the governor - is the chief, the governor among the Slavic peoples.History has known many wise and dedicated representatives of the post.The very word "governor" is a synonym - "ruler", we associate with something powerful and courageous.Subsequently, this post was abolished, and today we can talk about this concept in a historical perspective.
