Kiev principality, the geographical position of which will be discussed further, lasted from 1132 for 1471 years.His territory included land clearings and Drevlyane on the Dnieper River and its tributaries - Prypiat, grouse, and Irpen Rosie, and part of the left bank.
Kiev principality: geographic location
This area is bordered on the Polotsk land in the northwestern part, and from the northeast was Chernigov.Western and south-western neighbors were Poland and the principality of Galich.The city, built on the hills, was ideally located in the military.Talking about the geographical position of the principality of Kiev, it is necessary to mention that it was well protected.Not far from the city center located is presented (or Ovruch), Belgorod, and Vyshgorod - they all had a good strengthening and controlled territory adjacent to the capital, which provides additional protection to the west and south-west side.On the south side it covered the system of forts erected along the banks of the Dnieper, and a number of well-protected town on the river Ros.
Kiev principality: the characteristic data
Under principality public education should be understood in ancient Russia, which existed from the 12th to the 15th century.Kiev was the political and cultural capital.It was formed out of separated areas of the Old Russian state.Already in the mid-12th century.the power of the princes of Kiev weighty significance had only within the borders of the Principality.All-Russian significance was lost city, and competition for control and power lasted until the Mongol invasion.The throne passed for some strange order, and he could qualify for many.And to a large extent the possibility of power depended on the influence of a strong nobility of Kiev and the so-called "black hoods".
social and economic life
location near the Dnieper River has played a major role in economic life.In addition to communication with the Black Sea, he led Kyiv to the Baltic Sea, in what has helped the Western Dvina and Berezina.Desna and Sejm provide communication with Don and Oka and the Western Bug and Pripyat - with the Neman and the Dniester basin.There was the so-called route "from the Vikings to the Greeks", which is the trade.Due to the fertile soil and mild climate, agriculture is developing rapidly;were distributed to cattle breeding, hunting, residents were engaged in fishing and beekeeping.In these parts were divided early trade."Drevodelie" played quite a significant role, as well as pottery and tanning sessions.Due to the presence of deposits of iron, it is possible to develop blacksmith.Many kinds of metals (silver, tin, copper, lead, gold) were brought from neighboring countries.Thus, all of this Povlja the early formation of trade and craft relations in Kiev, near the cities of it.
Political history
As the loss of the capital value of the all-Russian, the rulers of the strongest kingdoms begin to send his henchmen to Kiev - "podruchnik."The precedent of 1113, in which the bypass priority adopted in the succession to the throne was invited by Vladimir Monomakh, nobles later used to justify their right to choose a strong and pleasing their ruler.Kiev principality, which is accompanied by a description of the history of strife, has turned into a battlefield, where towns and villages have suffered significant damage, ruined and the people themselves were captured.Time stability Kyiv saw in the reign of Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich of Chernigov, and Volyn Roman Mstislavovich.Other rapidly successive rulers left in the history of a colorless.Kiev principality was badly damaged, the geographical position that allows him to defend this good for a long time, during the Mongol invasion in 1240.
fragmentation
Old Russian state was originally included tribal principality.However, the situation has changed.Over time, as the local nobility became displaced due to the kind of Rurik, begins to form a principality, which is controlled by the representatives of the younger line.Zavedёnny the succession has always been divisive.In 1054 Yaroslav the Wise and his sons began to divide Kiev principality.The fragmentation was the inevitable consequence of the events.The situation worsened after Lyubechenskogo Cathedral princes in 1091.However, the situation has improved thanks to the policy of Vladimir Monomakh and his son Mstislav the Great, who managed to keep the integrity.They were able to once again put under the control of the capital Kiev principality, geographical location which was quite favorable for protection against enemies, and for the most part only the internal strife marred State.
With the death of Mstislav in 1132 came political fragmentation.However, despite this, Kiev still for several decades held the status not only of a formal center, but also the most powerful principality.His influence is not lost completely, but has weakened considerably compared with the situation at the beginning of the XII century.
