One of the independent parts of speech of the Russian language is a verb.The verb indicates the action state object.His basic questions: what to do?what to do?This part of the speech has many morphological characters, which determines its place in the speech and syntactic role in the sentence.The topic of this article, "perfective verbs", so before we talk about them, it is necessary to know the value of their categories: appearance.Category type - a grammatical category of the verb, it is inherent in all its forms and shows the effect of time.The verb "decided" and "decide" are similar in meaning but differ grammatically.Decided - Take a verb.species, he indicates the completed action, that it is complete and limited.Solved - verb imperfect.species and contains no limits or stage actions.In Russian, there are two types of verbs: perfect and imperfect.
perfect form of the verb
Already with one name - perfective verbs - can understand what we are talking about action, which began, done, completed, or completed.There is a limit, boundary, the result of the action.Therefore, the questions have perfect form of the verb are: what to do?I did (a)?that do?what can you do?
For example: in the past tense
«I read the book" means: read the whole until the end;
«I wrote a letter" means a letter ready;
«I learned the language" means: I know the language;
«We sang the song" means to the end.
Whereas the offer: "I wrote a letter", "I read the book", "I sang the song," 'I learned the language, "means that the action took place, but whether it has been brought to the end - is unknown.
Verb types differ mainly in the value and temporal forms.Perfective verbs have a past and future prime time vertex (vertices), written (write), played (Play), read (read), I studied (Study).Graduation in the future simply the same as that in the present tense verbs imperfect.type: I read, I play.
imperfect verbs.species have is current form., proshed.and future.complex time.Proposals "We will build", "We will study the" only talk about what action will be made, but not about whether they will be completed.While the sentence "We will build", "We will study" says that something will be built until the end, will be studied and we will know.This connection with the various types of temporary forms of education lead to errors in the use of speech present instead of the future, the future instead of the present.
So, instead of the correct formation of the future tense: I will, I'll go, I'll, I'll start - people who speak the language poorly, incorrectly say: I will say, I'll go, I'll start.
Education and the species pair
initial form of education perfective verbs are mostly imperfect verbs.type with the addition of prefixes, suffixes, suffixes opposition, alternation in the root, moving accents, the expression of different kinds of roots, words.Formed species pairs.
1. perfective verbs are formed by adding the suffix -nu- verbs imperfective: jump, jump, swing, swing.These verbs give the value of brevity and immediacy.
Some verbs with the suffix suffix -nu- to fall last consonants: throw, throw, sink, sink, whisper-whisper.Suffix -nu- in perfective verbs indicating a result, limit the action ended (disappear reach) for single-acting (push, shout, wave), the intense onset of action (rush, break out)
2. Attachments give the value of the verbstage without changing the basic lexical meaning of the word: to write, to write, to write off;go blind-blind;gray-gray hair;build, construct;do-do;stronger-get stronger.
But often consoles give new lexical meaning of the verb commit.type: read - read, read, read up
prefixes along with the value of stage can bring in the words of other shades, refer to the ratio of the action at the time.For example, the prefix Therefore some verbs brings the value of the limited action in time, for example: Today I read, worked, walked (while reading ceased, worked for a while and stopped work briefly walked.)
prefixes pro-, Therefore whencombined with some verbs bring to the importance of the start of the word: sing-sing (started singing);noise-to noise (started making noise);Fly-fly (started flying)
example:
Forest rang groaned, cracked, Hare listened and ran out.( Nekrasov )
Eaglets still whistled and squeaked plaintively.Then the eagle suddenly he shouted, spread its wings and flew to the sea difficult ... ( Tolstoy )
3. Sometimes species are formed by a pair of verbs of different roots, the words: put-put.Remember the words and combinations, which are used perfective verbs: suddenly, unexpectedly, suddenly, once again, as soon as all of a sudden, one day.
Practice!
Here is an illustrated text.Find the text of perfective verbs.Explain the difference in meaning of the verb commit.and imperfect.species.
Hunting
handsome eagle slowly makes a circle over the sea.Flying it so calm and graceful.Here he stopped for a moment in the air, as if someone is holding him by the thread.Something happened.This predator is seen in the clear water extraction.Suddenly, an eagle and rapidly became a stone falling down.
And the water's edge, on the fly, he grabbed its prey with its beak, and abruptly stood up.The fish shakes its tail, trying to escape from the beak, but the eagle keeps a stranglehold on their prey without interrupting the flight.
Finally, he found a place for lunch away from rivals.An important, with a proud carriage, with fire in his eyes, the eagle settles for a meal.
