preliminary work before construction of the house consists of several stages: preparation period, drawing sketches, creating working drawings and diagrams of communications.How to design the house itself?Consider all the steps in detail.
preparatory period before construction is a section diagram of the configuration with the terrain, mark trees and other elements.Applied circuit passing through a portion of communications (water, cable, gas pipeline).
General layout of rooms
projects of houses and cottages are performed with numerous rooms for different purposes.First of all, we need a detailed study of the layout of rooms.This should take into account the following factors:
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number of guests and the availability of individual families (adult children, parents);
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presence of young children;
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estimated number of visitors and the possibility of a comfortable stay in the house and yard.
From these factors depends on planning the hallway, living room, study, bedroom, a separate entrance, toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, boiler room and workshop, parking for cars and garage space, stairs to the upper floors.You need to decide where it will be a sauna: a separate building or in a basement.If the family loves the plants, then you can place in your home or to attach to it a small greenhouse.Perhaps the attic will be built without heating and is only for the summer.All areas should be placed optimally and cost-effectively.
sketch of the facade of the house
Many house designs are created with a beautiful appearance of the facade.It should draw on each side, then combine and link with the internal layout and the placement of windows.From the walls of the material depends on the form of the foundation.You should also decide whether basement and cellar.For this we need to know how close fit groundwater.Just select the shape of the roof, so that the house looked beautiful.Too complex shape can lead to leaks from precipitation.The windows have to be large to make the house easy and make it brighter inside.We should not be afraid of the cold, as you can install modern energy-saving windows.They can be ordered any shape and decorate with carved shutters and wrought flower grilles.
important point is the main entrance.It is necessary to determine how will look like the porch, and whether it is convenient to climb.Where is the entrance door and the hood over her?What will be the entrance to the garage, the type and location of the gate for the entry of cars?How to get out into the yard and from what rooms?How to protect the doors from the rain?The house should be in harmony with the landscape area.
Detailed study of the layout of rooms
How to design a house with a rational use of space?Let us consider each of them separately.
Hallway Entrance is usually shared by all.If the house is a few families, it is necessary to consider how to go into it, so as not to interfere with each other.From the hallway is convenient to make the outputs of the living room and the garage.It is necessary to determine the location and design of the stairs to the second floor.It should be inside the home in the winter do not have to clean it from the snow.
Living
First of all you need to make a living was the most functional.To do this, it must be a place of reception, sharing leisure activities, dining room.It is possible to arrange a fireplace, a private foundation that is needed.The living room should be properly divided into functional areas.Often it has a staircase leading upstairs.
Kitchen Kitchen is planned so that it was quite spacious and comfortable for cooking and eating.Its share in the cooking zone, the hot working and eating and washing dishes.It is possible that for large families need two kitchens.The room should fit easily appliances: stove, microwave, dishwasher, sink, refrigerator, freezer and various electrical appliances: grinder, juicer, blender, coffee grinder.All must be free and compact, so the hostess could reach out a hand.
Bathroom
in his home bathroom to be spacious and comfortable to accommodate in it everything you need.This requires a minimum area of 5 m2.The bathroom can be placed in a separate room.
Bedroom
bedroom should be free to hold a bed, dressing table, chest of drawers and bedside tables.It may be a work desk, TV, chairs and a wardrobe.Bedrooms may be several.
Nursery
in the nursery need to provide maximum functionality.It should be spacious, comfortable for sleeping, recreation, games and sports corner.Toys and clothes need to clean the cabinets.
Cabinet
The office is located desk, chair, bookshelves and office equipment.It is desirable to provide a place for a small sofa to relax.This spacious room is convenient for business meetings.
General view of the house should be several times associated with the layout of rooms.Sketches facades and accommodation rooms can be done in different ways, and then choose the best.
main parameters of the house are reduced to a single table, which specifies the overall dimensions of the house, number of rooms, floor space, ceiling height, number and dimensions of doors and windows.
working draft
There are special computer programs, how to design a house for himself.It is not necessary to know how to draw.All this program does.You can use it to submit to the three-dimensional image of any projects of houses.Photography one of them is shown below.
drawings form of sketches, and then it will build the house builders.
on the master plan area is located, and the rest of the house constructed objects, and track gate, septic tank, gates, gazebos, greenhouses, space for plants.The plan is oriented on the parts of the world.The dimensions of each element are established precisely to scale.The plan determines the place of supply of better communications and the location of the drainage system.
Design foundation
To determine the type of foundation should be geological data on the composition and properties of soil.The load on the foundation is calculated on the basis of conceptual design: the mass of the walls, floors, roofs, foundations, and the time the snow load.Temporary and snow load are considered on averages - 100 kg / m2.From these data, select the type of foundation.Usually choosing a tape or tape-reinforced concrete pile foundations.It must have an opening for the entry of.You can find a lot of options, how to design a house with such a foundation.
materials walls and ceilings
Advantages and disadvantages of materials for walls - is a separate issue.For the construction of the house in the long term best brick.Recently popular material in the construction of low-rise becomes aerated concrete, concrete, slag concrete and other similar materials that have sufficient strength and durability.Their undoubted advantage is the low thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to build inexpensive and warm home.Numerous projects of houses of foam blocks show that they are cheaper and lighter than reinforced concrete and are less, but sufficient bearing capacity.Overlap the walls of porous concrete is better to make wooden beams, load from which they can easily withstand.
Design Roof
House projects mostly involve the erection of gable and small houses - pent roof.To use timber rafters and purlins used as a board.The roof is configured to vapor barriers and ventilation to ensure its protection from moisture.Its material may be a metal profile, which is a popular kind of metal.Also used soft roof and evroshifer.Metal profile is protected by a zinc coating and a layer of a polymer that looks nice and is not destroyed by the action of the atmosphere.
Wiring electrical networks
Elektroproekt When you determine the overall power of the consumers.It is performed by licensed companies.As the terms of reference for the project are the architectural plans of lighting and electrical wiring.
Water supply and sewerage
Before you design the house yourself, you need to find out what resources there are a number.If you close passes central water supply, you can connect to it.This is set at the main entrance counter.Water supply and sewerage are designed according to the maximum number of people living in the house, the number of floors and the area of the house.Pipes are displayed in the central sewerage system of sewage disposal.If not, drain made drainage ditch.
In the absence of a centralized water supply system must be drilled borehole or well built.Source contribute to the project, along with the scheme of autonomous supply.
Heating
projects of houses and cottages are created under the autonomous heating systems.The boiler house is set in a separate room.Its capacity is selected according to the total amount of heated rooms.Type of boiler depends on the fuel used: gas, electricity or coal.Each heated room radiators are matched with the calculated number of sections and charts wiring pipes water supply.It identifies all the necessary equipment and its characteristics: the boiler, pressure tank, pump, filters and accessories.
ventilation system Ventilation
home is provided by the natural and forced outflow of air from the premises.For this purpose is drawn up of the system, which specifies the layout of pipe diameters, location of the gratings and covers for maintenance.
Construction supervision
After creating the project should be control over how to comply with the technology of erection of houses and the construction of communications.Drawn up a contract with the builders, with reference to the project.According to this document made control over the correctness of the work.
Conclusion
How to design the house itself?To do this in stages to perform work on the creation of working drawings required for construction, and then to monitor the quality of work on them.
