Reserved places: forests, rivers and mountains - these words must have heard every one of us.Reserves - these are areas of land or water areas in which nature (plants, animals, environment) remain intact, untouched by human kind.About how they differ from national parks, and what are, read this article.
What Reserve:
definition in dictionaries, the term "reserve" is defined as a piece of land or water, which guarded and preserved intact rare animals, plants, elements of inanimate nature, cultural monuments and architecture.The natural complex of the land forever removed from any use associated with economic activity, and is fully protected by the state.It is prohibited to violate the integrity of the climate and natural resources, fixed at the time of the territory.Permitted only research activities, which does not harm the land.
Scientific organizations
Reserves - it is also the institution of research nature are sure that the above territory.They analyze the state of natural resources, monitor the migration of animals and way of life, in every way contribute to the expansion of their populations.It prohibited any commercial activity, and for the maintenance of such institutions used budget money, as well as various grants.
little history
Interestingly, the first "documented" Reserve appeared before our era, in Sri Lanka.And the Prophet Muhammad, defending any form of life, green areas declared nature reserves (eg in Medina - an area of 20 square kilometers).In the Middle Ages in European countries, kings and nobles took care of their hunting grounds.For this purpose, specially allocated areas where hunting was forbidden.Violations of the ban severely punished.All these measures were aimed at reproduction of the game (with namitka for further successful hunt) so that these sections of land reserves can be called only conditionally.
In Russia and in Russia
One of the first evidence takes us to the era of Vladimir Monomakh.In ancient Rus 'reserves - is "zoos", where the princes' catches made "on all kinds of animals that live in the thickets and ravines (eg tract Sokoliy Horn).The wetlands protected in every way and be protected from abuse of commoners.Violations of the regime were punished with the utmost severity!Then, in the eleventh century, and there is the concept of "nature reserve", documented in the "Russian Truth".
throughout Siberia every nationality living there for centuries there were areas where prohibiting all hunting of animals and birds.Sacred sites, groves arose as a practical manifestation of the cult of the Mother Nature, fairly common among residents of the North.Immunity observed strictly, the one who encroached on the integrity of the environment, subjected to ritual punishments and even banishment from the tribe!In fact, it was the first game reserves.
Reserves - this is one of the prerogatives of Peter the Great.Most often decrees, of course, related to the conservation of forests, as the ship's construction and raw materials, trying to protect them from mismanagement and indiscriminate tree cutting out the peasants.
In the 19th century (1888) was promulgated "Wood Charter", which determines the rules for the protection of forests and wetlands.At the same time began to appear and state reserves.
After the revolution, the protection of nature reserves also paid close attention to.He signed a special decree (1921), which regulates these issues.
Now, as in 2014 in Russia there are more than one hundred state-protected areas, including the well-known nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries: Baikal, Sakhalin, Altai, Bryansk Forest and many others.
