concept of organizational structure consists of two parts - a concept of organization and structure.The latter in turn is ordered elements of interconnected links which form a system (mainly regardless of its objectives and elements).However, the organization of the elements of the system depends on the properties of the elements (and by ongoing objectives).
The control system is the organizational structure of skeletal form - is the foundation of any enterprise.It reflects the level of social and economic development of the administrative entity, the forms of organization of production, etc.
Numerous differences in the fields of activity, characteristics of the products, the location and size of the enterprise cause a variety of organizational structures.
types of governance structures
According to management class distinction adhokraticheskie and hierarchical organizational structures.The latter include:
- Linear - every activity is subject to superiors.The advantages of this structure are the efficiency, simplicity, well-defined relationship between the units and a clearly defined system of one-man management.But there are significant drawbacks.The primary - not the most optimal level of adaptation to changes (because a lot of leadership responsibilities and duties, it must be highly qualified).Currently, such a structure is hardly used.
- functional - are separate units, which are responsible for a particular activity.Functional managers have the right to give instructions to all aspects of the lower levels within its competence, thereby violating the principle of unity of command.This structure is also not very popular.
- linear functional - the main management activities, which is supported and maintained by the functional units, is carried out by line managers.The advantages are to preserve the principle of unity of command, rapid implementation of directives and decisions.A disadvantage can be called is not very significant distinction between the powers of the functional and linear units.
- Divisional organizational structure - autonomous units are allocated to control the production of certain products, as well as some of the features of the production process.In such a structure headed by the leaders of departments are responsible for the performance.Divisional organizational structure is based on three principles.This is the kind of products, the regional principle and focus on particular customer.
Divisional organizational structure is of four kinds:
1) divizionalno- productive - is focused on to highlight specific products in separate proceedings;
2) a divisional-regional - it is focused on to create independent units in different regions;
3) divisional organizational structure, focused on the customer - to be allocated autonomous units;
4) mixed type.
should be noted that the universal organizational structure does not exist, since all management processes necessary to select suitable options that will meet their stated objectives.
