Background reforms of Peter 1 - a complex question.Scientists have isolated both objective and subjective reasons for the need for change in the country.Below we will try to expose the matter as fully as possible.
If you try to describe the background of reforms of Peter 1 In short, there are two main ones: the identity of the sovereign itself, which has managed to take the lead in a huge country, and the objective backwardness of the Russian Empire from the European states.
Home Board
Home reign of Peter the Great had a very difficult time - the period of confrontation between the two factions of the court.The first group was represented by the boyars MILOSLAVSKAYA, and the second - Naryshkin.The first is a relative of the first wife of Alexei Mikhailovich, and the second - the mother of Peter the Great.After the death of Tsar Alexis in 1682 regent for young Peter and Ivan was Sophia, and their older sister.When Peter came of age, Sophia tried to remove him from power, using archers.But the attempt was unsuccessful.It concluded in the Novodevichy Convent, and her close were executed or exiled.From that moment, Russia entered the path of real change and reform.
first reform model
Historians agree that the reforms of Peter 1 prerequisites outlined long before his ascension to the throne.His father and grandfather were able to overcome the severe social and economic crisis in the country, caused by the events of the Time of Troubles.
In addition, a trend towards the Europeanization of Russia.In this situation, radical changes were needed and reform.Main directions - activation of Russia's foreign policy, the intensification of trade, reform of the tax system, the transition to manufacture production with the use of hired labor.In no case can not be forgotten that it is the supreme power absolutisation eventually made possible the transformations that are introduced during his reign Peter 1. At that time, there is known to all, the term "autocrat", abolished Zemsky Sobor, there is centralization of power.Also, not the least important was the formation of laws, common to the entire state.And, of course, among the key prerequisites for the reform efforts of the king should be noted the reorganization of the armed forces.He created the shelves of so-called "new order", changed the order set in the shelves and equipment.
Besides actively going bundle society in Russia under the influence of penetrating into the state of Western values.It affects the conditions and the course of the reforms of Peter 1 and Nikon innovations.In society, there were national-conservative and west flow.
Russia in comparison with Europe before the reforms Before the reforms
Russia against the background of European states looked backward.And this backwardness was ultimately dangerous for the freedom of the Russian people.Peter understood this and saw clearly that if it goes on, then Russia, with all its wealth, sooner or later become a raw materials appendage of some of the strengths of the European powers.According to the structure of the industry has been largely feudal, the volume of production significantly inferior to the same index of Western European countries.
army consisted of untrained boyar militia and unwieldy bureaucracy could not meet the needs of the state.In addition, the fleet of the Russian Empire had not been because of the absence of access to the sea.That is the problem to be solved as Peter 1.
course of Russia's development in the 17th century
Russia's foreign policy in the 17th century - another prerequisite for the Petrine reforms.We had to solve three problems: to return the lands lost in the Time of Troubles, to provide access to the Baltic Sea and to protect the southern border.Of course, these problems are decided later in the 18th century, but progress has been noticeable.For example, neighboring countries saw a Russian military force to be reckoned with.Russia only through reforms could take its rightful position in the geopolitical arena among the eastern and western states.So, we briefly considered the background of reforms of Peter 1. Table allows you to see the whole picture.
| External | need to provide outlets to the sea, the threat of attacks on the southern borders, strengthening of European countries. |
| Internal political | hulking bureaucracy, outdated farming methods, outdated production methods. |
| Economic | lack of well-established trade relations with European countries. |
