Formation of the young Soviet state held fairly difficult and long.In many ways, this was due to the fact that the international community is not too slow to recognize it.In such circumstances, the foreign policy of the USSR in the 20-30 years of the 20th century, characterized by rigidity and consistency, so it was necessary to solve many problems.
major challenges to diplomats
As we said, the primary goal was the normalization of relations with other countries.But the foreign policy of the USSR in the 20-30 years also implied the export of revolutionary ideas in other states.However, the romantic ideals of the revolution were quickly cooled reality.Having realized the unreality of some of the ideas, the government newly-country quickly switch to a real problem.
first achieve
At the beginning of the twentieth century was truly a momentous event: the Soviet Union has achieved complete removal of the trade embargo, which is very painful blows to the country's economy, already severely weakened.A very important role played by the Decree on Concessions, which was published Nov. 23, 1920.
In fact, immediately after the signing of trade agreements with Britain, the Kaiser's Germany and other countries, diplomats actually have an unofficial recognition of the USSR in the world.The official stretched from 1924 to 1933 year.Particularly successful was in 1924 turned out to be the second, when it was possible to resume relations with more than three dozen foreign countries.
That such was the foreign policy of the USSR in 20-30 years.In short, it was possible to reorient the economy to the industrial area as the country began to receive a sufficient amount of raw materials and technology.
first Soviet diplomats
first foreign minister, thanks to which such a breakthrough was possible, were Chicherin and Litvinov.These brilliant diplomats, who have received their education in Tsarist Russia, became a real "guiding bridge" between the young Soviet Union and the rest of the world.They conducted the foreign policy of the USSR in the 20-30 years of the 20th century.
They have made signing a trade agreement with Britain and other European powers.Accordingly, it is the Soviet Union is obliged to remove trade and economic blockade, which prevented the normal development of the country.
new deterioration in relations
But foreign policy of the USSR in the 20-30 years knew not only the victory.Around the beginning of the thirties began a new round of deterioration of relations with the Western world.This time the pretext was the fact that the Soviet government officially supported the national movement in China.With England the relationship was almost severed from the fact that the country sympathized with the striking British workers.So much so, that the leaders of the Vatican openly began to call for a "crusade" against the Soviet Union.
It is not surprising that the foreign policy of the USSR in the 20-30-ies.XX century.characterized by extreme care: it was impossible to give no reason for aggression.
relations with Nazi Germany
Do not assume that the Soviet leadership led some inadequate, disproportionate time policy.Just did the Soviet government was different in those days rare sanity.So, immediately after 1933, when Germany's sole power a party of the National Socialists, it was the Soviet Union began to actively push for the creation of a collective European security system.All diplomatic efforts have traditionally been ignored by the leaders of the European powers.
Trying to stop Nazi aggression
In 1934, there was another event that has long been waiting for the country.The Soviet Union was finally admitted to the League of Nations, it is the ancestor of the UN.Already in 1935 it was concluded an alliance treaty with France, which provided a friendly mutual assistance in the event of an attack on some of the Allies.Hitler once said the seizure of the Rhineland.Already in 1936 it began the process of actual aggression against the Reich in Italy and Spain.
course, the political forces in the country understand how it threatens, and therefore the foreign policy of the USSR in 20-30s began again to undergo major changes.It began sending equipment and experts for the confrontation with the Nazis.So marked march of fascism in Europe, and the leaders of European powers, and it almost did not oppose.
further aggravation of the situation
fears of Soviet politicians were fully confirmed when in 1938 Hitler made "Anschluss" of Austria.In September of the same year passed the Munich conference, which was attended by representatives of Germany, the UK and other countries.
No one is not surprised that her results Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia was unanimously given under the power of the Third Reich.The Soviet Union was perhaps the only country that has openly condemned the blatant aggression of Hitler.Just one year under his authority is not only the whole of Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
situation was complicated by the fact that in the Far East the situation is continuously deteriorating.In 1938 and 1939 part of the Red Army came into contact with the fire of the Japanese Kwantung Army.These were the famous Khasan and Khalkhin-Gol battle.Also fighting was on the Mongolian territory.Mikado considered the heir of Tsarist Russia in the face of the Soviet Union retained all the weaknesses of its predecessor, but greatly miscalculated: Japan was defeated, being forced to make significant territorial concessions.
diplomatic relations with Germany
After Stalin had at least three times trying to agree on the creation of the ill-fated European security system, the Soviet leadership was forced to establish diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany.Currently, Western historians vied with each other trying to convince the world of the aggressive intentions of the Soviet Union, but his real purpose was simple.The country is trying to protect its borders from attacks, forced negotiating with potential enemy.
agreements with the Reich
In mid-1939, was signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.Under the terms of the secret parts of the document Germany received western Poland, and the Soviet Union battered Finland, the Baltic states, eastern Poland, a large part of today's Ukraine.Normalize before relations with Britain and France have been completely ruined.
At the end of September 1938 policy of the USSR and Germany signed a treaty of friendship and borders.How to better understand the goals, which pursued the Soviet foreign policy in 20-30 years?The table, which we present below, will help you with this.
| stage name, years | main characteristic |
| primary stage, 1922-1933 years.Constant attempts to break the international blockade. | mainly focused on the entire policy to raise the prestige of the Soviet Union in the eyes of Western countries.Relations with Germany at that time were more friendly, as it can help the country's leaders had hoped to resist the British and French. |
| «The era of pacifism", 1933-1939 years. | Soviet foreign policy began a massive reorientation of taking a policy of establishing normal relations with the leaders of the Western powers.Drinking Hitler - guarded, repeated attempts to create a European security system. |
| third stage, the crisis of international relations, 1939-1940. | Having failed to properly negotiate with France and Britain, the Soviet Union began a new policy of rapprochement with Germany.International relations have deteriorated sharply after the Winter War of 1939 in Finland. |
This is what characterized the foreign policy of the USSR in 20-30 years.
