development of education in the US began with the first half of the seventeenth century.The life of colonists who arrived in the country at that time was full of hardship and quite unsettled, but began to open the first schools - it was like a small school and a fairly large educational centers.For example, a well-known Harvard University was founded in 1636.
Secondary education in America, mainly state, it is financed by the state budget, federal and local.But the system of higher education in the US is designed so that the majority of high schools operate on a private basis, so they tend to attract students from around the world.
structure
Depending on the state of different ages to begin training and its duration.For children educated in the US, as a rule, it begins with five to eight years, and ends at the age of eighteen or nineteen years old.First American kids go to primary school and learn it the fifth-sixth grade (depending on the school district).Then they go to high school, learning which finishes eighth grade.Older or higher, school - is the ninth to twelfth grades.
Girls and boys who have received schooling in the United States, may enter colleges.After studying there for two years, they receive the degree, which is equivalent to vocational education in Russia.And you can unlearn a college or university immediately and get a four-year bachelor's degree.Who wishes can then continue their studies further and after two or three years to get a master's degree or doctorate.
Elementary School
where kids are trained in age from five to eleven or twelve years.As in Russia, all subjects are taught by one teacher, except for music, art and physical education.Among the academic subjects in the curriculum includes math (sometimes - initial algebra), writing, reading.Social and natural sciences in primary school studied little and often take the form of local lore.Features of education in the United States are such that training is largely composed of excursions, art projects and entertainment.This form of study there was a flow of progressive education that emerged in the early twentieth century, which taught that children should receive knowledge through everyday actions and analyze their effects.
High School
where trained students from eleven to twelve to fourteen years.Each teacher teaches his subject.The curriculum includes English, mathematics, social and natural sciences, physical education.Also, children can choose one or two class education for themselves: as a rule, items from the arts, foreign languages and technologies.
In high school, students begin to divide flows: ordinary and advanced.Good achievers children gather in the "honorary" classes in which all the material is faster and increased demands for training.Now, however, criticized a school education in the US, many experts believe that the separation of good achievers and slow learners does not catch the last stimulus.
High School
This is the final stage of secondary education, including teaching in the ninth to twelfth grades.In high school, students will have more freedom in the choice of subjects to study.To obtain the award provided the minimum requirements set by the school board.
US Higher Education
there are about 4500 institutions of higher education.More than fifty percent of the students choose to study for a six-year program (Bachelor + Master).Education in the United States annually receive more than half a million foreign students, more than half of them are representatives of the Asian countries.Tuition is growing every year, and this also applies to public and private universities.A year of study is necessary to spread five to forty thousand dollars (depending on the institution).However, low-income students, many universities are paying a generous scholarship.In speaking Americans generally all higher education institutions are called colleges, even if in fact this is not college, and university.
types of universities Higher education in the United States can be divided into three types.Schools differ mainly in the atmosphere and the number of students.College of the University by the absence / presence of research and post-graduate programs.
Colleges occurs mainly training of students and scientific work is beyond the scope of educational programs.As a rule, those colleges that require a four-year education are private and small (takes up to two thousand students).Although in recent years began to form large State College for talented young people.According to US law in such schools may receive a resident of the area where they are located, but in fact it is quite difficult to do.Since different schools different standards of training, colleges do not really trust the marks of students and providing them with their exams.
all universities of the country, too, are divided into state universities, government-funded and private schools.At the same time the prestige of the first few inferior to the latter.The main purpose of state universities - to train students in its region, and for young people from other states established competition, and they will be charged the increased tuition fees.In these universities the quality of education often suffers because of too large groups, bureaucracy and lack of attention of teachers to students.But despite this, many high school graduates and even foreign students wishing to study in the United States flock to the best state universities, including Michigan and Virginia, as well as the University of California at Berkeley.
For private higher education institutions belong to the most famous American universities, namely Stanford, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Yale, California Institute of Technology (Caltech).Most of the private universities - the average value, but there are very small (for example, Caltech) and very large (for example, the University of Southern California).
level of education in the United States
Higher Education in the United States is considered one of the best in the world.Generally, the literacy rate reaches 99 percent of Americans.According to statistics from 2011, 86 percent of young people between the ages of twenty-five years had vocational education (school + two years of college), and 30 percent - a bachelor's degree (four-year school + college or university).
In contrast to the success of higher education, secondary education in the United States is experiencing a number of difficulties.In the words of the Minister of Education of the United States, the school system in the country is now in stagnation and can not compete with many other countries.About 25 percent of American students can not complete their studies on time, because it does not cope with the final exam.
In conclusion
Despite some problems, the education system in the United States has established itself as one of the best in the world.Tens of thousands of people every year come to the United States from different countries with only one purpose - to study at American colleges and universities.In the US higher educational institutions more than in any other state.But such universities as Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, Princeton, have long been synonymous with the highest level of education throughout the world.People who have graduated from them, have every chance in the future to build a successful career.
