obsolete words - this is a special group of words which, because of various reasons are not used in modern speech.They are divided into two categories - historicism and archaisms.Both of these groups are similar to each other, but still have some major differences.
Historicism
These are words denoting the singular things, positions, phenomena that have ceased to exist in the world today, but there have been before.An example of such words - Boyar, the governor, petitioner, estate.They have synonyms in the modern language, and learn their meaning only from the Dictionary.Basically, these are obsolete words to describe the way of life, culture and economy, hierarchy, military and political relations long years.
For example, the petition - is: 1) a bow with his forehead touching the ground;or 2) a written request.Steward - the court, which is one degree below Boyar, usually serve at the royal table or boyar.
most antiquated word-historicism found among the names associated with military theme, as well as related to economic subjects and clothes: chainmail, visor, redoubt, musket, flagon, a trouble,'s coat, sevalka, camisole.
Here are some examples of sentences containing obsolete words."Is the petitioner to the king and complained to the governor, and said that they robbed, they have the estate, and then handed out, still complained of nobles, attendants and knights that magistrates take their palace villages. Were the king, and the Cossacks with Sagittarius, carrying petitions, asked for bread and money wages ".
Currently, one of the many groups of historicism are those that occurred during the formation of the USSR: the requisition, budёnnovets, educational program, Peasants, NEP, lishenets, Nepman, Makhnovets, the surplus.
Archaisms
obsolete words of the Russian language is isolated in another large group - archaisms.They are, in fact, are a subset of historicism - they also include the words obsolete.But the main difference between them is that they can be replaced by synonyms are common and are used today in words.Here are examples of archaisms: cheeks, right hand, loins, verse, Tuga, ramen.Accordingly, their modern counterparts - cheek, right arm, back, poetry, sadness shoulders.
There are some basic differences between archaism and its synonym.They may differ:
a) lexical meaning (abdomen - Life Guest - merchant);
b) grammatical form (at the ball - the ball, ispolniti - execute);
c) morphemic composition (fisherfolk - fisherman, fellowship - friendship);
To properly employ an archaism in the proposal and to avoid confusion, use the Dictionary or Dictionary of obsolete words.
But examples of sentences containing archaisms: "In Moscow, lived courtiers, the boyars, nobles, clerks, which Bolotnikov threatened to turn into commoners, or kill, and in their place put a nameless people, even lived there industrialists and wealthy merchants, the courtsmoney, stores them - everything was given to delёzh the poor. "
In this passage, archaisms are the words: commoner, courtyard (in the sense of the economy), local (commercial enterprise), nameless.It is easy to notice that there are present and historicism: courtier, lord.
obsolete words perfectly transmit characteristic historicity make literary text colorful and bright.But for the correct and appropriate use should always consult the dictionary, that flowery phrases in the end did not become a nonsense.
