In this article, we will briefly talk about the basic concepts of anatomy.In particular, we shall understand the role played by various human organs, the arrangement of which is shown separately.
This information will be useful to students, as well as those who need to recall the basic structure of man.
terms "body" - "machine" - "system»
Later in the article we will analyze the structural features of the human body, in the meantime is to determine the conceptual apparatus.In principle, a deep understanding of the follow-up information will be enough to discover three terms.
So body - a collection of a variety of cells and tissues in the body, which perform well-defined functions.From ancient Greek word translated as "instrument".
terms of medicine and biology, the body - a collection of cells and tissue only if they embryological relationship and stable position within the body.
Next, we will analyze human organs, the scheme will be guided in their placement in the body.
next term, which is to talk, to be "a system of organs."This specific group of our body, which has the embryological and anatomical relationship, and functionally integrated.
It is important to understand the literal definition.Because the next term, in fact, is a cut down version of the previous one.
Thus, the device - it is a single of the group, which performs the function of a single united.In contrast to previous concepts, it is the only thing that defines their relationship.No anatomic or embryonic relationship they have.
Musculoskeletal
begin to study the anatomy of the body most appropriate to the musculoskeletal system.In this case, we are faced with a third term, which was discussed above.
Here we are dealing with the results of such sciences as osteology, syndesmology and Myology.
In fact, this unit includes the entire set of bones, tendons, joints, and somatic musculature.They are responsible not only for the body proportions and shape, but also facial expressions, movement and locomotion.
As you have seen, human organs (cited above diagram) using this machine as a support.
Cardiovascular
Next, we touch on the internal structure of the body and partly external.It is important to mention that, like the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system is one of the most important for the sustenance of man.
It circulates the blood through the arteries and veins, as well as delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells.In addition, blood flow is output by using carbon dioxide and other waste products from the cells of the body.
If you look closely, veins and capillaries entangle all human organs.Scheme cardiovascular system similar to the cobweb of larger and smaller capillaries.
main body of this system is the heart, which is like a perpetual motion machine, without interrupting pump blood through the vessels.Hours of the body depends on the health and natural resources of the body.
Poor nutrition, ecology, genetics, and the constant stresses lead to the fact that the vessel walls become thinner, and the inner cavity clogged slag.As a consequence of this behavior, there are diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular problems.In the future, it is fatal.
lymphatic system
very interesting science - anatomy.The structure of the person opens your eyes to many of the physiological, and with them, and psychological processes.For example, the lymphatic system.It is very similar to the cardiovascular.However, unlike the latter, the lymphatic system is not closed and there is no such unique organ like the heart.
It is composed of blood vessels, capillaries, trunks, ducts and nodes.Lymph is a slight natural pressure moves slowly through the hollow tubes.With this liquid waste is output, which could not be disposed circulatory system.
fact, lymph - a drainage system for the withdrawal of fluid from body tissues.The outflow occurs in the veins.Thus, finally closes the whole cycle of blood plasma in the body.
nervous system
All that studying anatomy (structure of human functioning of the various processes in the body), is regulated by the nervous system.
It consists of the central and peripheral divisions.The first are the brain and spinal cord, and the second - the nerves, roots, plexus and ganglia and nerve endings.
It plays an important role musculoskeletal system.The brain is located in the cavity of the skull and spinal canal runs down the inside of the spine.
among the functions nervous system is divided into the autonomic and somatic.The first is responsible for the transmission of impulses between the central departments and internal organs.While the second connects the brain nerve fibers to the skin and the musculoskeletal system.
Next we'll talk about the endocrine system.They, along with the nervous ensure smooth communication and regulation of the activities of each and every system of the body.In addition, the important point is the body's ability to respond to external and internal changes that have seen through the autonomic and somatic systems.
sensor system
Previously we mentioned about the human body's ability to respond to external stimuli and changes.The main role in it played by fixing their sensory system.
It includes organs such as the eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose.Thanks to the functions for which they are responsible of the body, we can learn much deeper and brighter the outside world.
fact, it is the result of interaction of the central and peripheral structures of the nervous system.For example, external stimulus affects the eye, nerve in the body senses the changes and sends an impulse to the brain.There the information is processed and compared with signals obtained from other sources.
a result of this operation, we get an idea of what is happening around.Thus, an external action is carried out on the receptors located on the body surface and internal - sensory nerves that run through the fabric.Human anatomy studies not only the structure but also the interaction of different organs and systems.
in sensory perceptions are determined by variables such as sound, taste, temperature, pressure, light glare and visual images.Assistance in data latch nervous system have "analyzers".This whole complex of structures on the surface and inside the body, which acts as a sensor.
It is thanks to research in this area, appeared in the area of health sciences, who are able to fix and repair the violations in our body.After all, without a comparison of our experiences, we would simply be separate entities without a common attitude.
endocrine system
Together with the nervous system, it acts as the internal regulation and sensation of the environment.In addition, the endocrine system is responsible for homeostasis, emotional reactions, mental activity, as well as growth, development, and sexual maturation of the body.
If you look at the structure of the human body, you can see only part of the system.The main bodies are the following glands: thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, testicles (ovaries), pituitary, thymus and pineal gland.
As nervous, endocrine divided into two systems.The first is called glandular consists of the aforementioned gland hormones and produces from these organs.Second - diffuse - scattered throughout the body.It appears as a single endocrine cells that produce hormones aglandulyarnye.
reproductive system
In our next topic will have to be discussed separately male and female reproductive systems.In principle, the reproductive system is responsible for only one function - to human reproduction.During sexual intercourse possible conception of the embryo, which later become a child.
male reproductive system is in the area of the pelvis and is completely outside of the body.It includes the penis and testicles.This gland and the muscle tissue.Human anatomy is basically the only difference in the systems responsible for the conception, birth and nurturing of offspring.The main function of the male - the production of sperm and androgens.
Female reproductive system differs from the men.It has both external and internal organs.The former include large and small labia, glands on them, as well as the entrance to the vagina and clitoris.The second group - the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina.
But the female reproductive system is divided.If the male is only in the pelvis, the women have a breast and her department.Mammary glands play a very important role in the process of feeding a child.
Urinary
At the beginning of the article was shown to the general scheme of the structure of human organs.If you look closely, you will notice that most of the internal organs located in the abdominal cavity.Now we talk about the urinary system, which is fully located in the pelvis.
So, as well as the reproductive system, urinary different in men and women.We will not repeat the structure of most organs, touch only those that are involved exclusively in the framework of this system.
In the basic sense, it is necessary for the storage and display alien and toxic substances, products of nitrogen metabolism of various substances and excess through urine.This system includes a pair of kidney, ureters, urethra and bladder.
Besides the above functions, it has inherent part in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, the production of various biologically active compounds, as well as adjustment of the water-salt balance and, consequently, the maintenance of homeostasis.
digestive system
If you look closely the structure of internal organs included in this system, you will notice that once they were one tube.In the course of evolution have formed the various departments responsible for the digestion stage.
Thus, this system includes the gastrointestinal tract with various subsidiary bodies.It consists of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon.Support functions performed by the liver, pancreas and salivary glands, gall bladder and other organs.
function of the digestive system, as the name implies, is the extraction and delivery of nutrients from food into the cells of the body.The process consists of several stages: machining of food, chemical processing, absorption, digestion and elimination of waste.
Respiratory
in the respiratory system structure of the internal organs is somewhat similar to the previous, digestive.There breathing tube, which, like the esophagus mucosa internally coated with glands and blood vessels.With this apparatus, the air entering from outside, acquires the optimum temperature for the organism.
winter cold air is warmed in the summer - is cooled by specific processes in the system.In addition, the air also is cleaned by a variety of impurities which during inspiration in the atmosphere.
Respiratory system consists of two sections - upper and lower.The first includes the nasopharynx and nasal cavity, the second - the larynx, trachea and bronchi.
integumentary system
Build human nature is thought to detail.Thus, the coating system is responsible for protecting the body from temperature changes, damage, drying, penetration of toxins and pathogens.
This system consists of skin (epithelium and dermis) and derivatives: hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glands.
immune system
If the previous system protects the body from external interference, this protects them from the aggression of other species.Nature has a perfect body structure.Internal organs that perform functions necessary for life, protected by several lines of defense.
we talked about earlier foreign and internal - it is the immune system.Its main task is to protect the body against pathogens and tumors.This system includes the thymus, lymph tissue, lymph nodes and spleen.
Thus, in this article we'll briefly touched upon the structure of the body, as well as the location of different systems of the human body.
