Holodomor Memorial Day is celebrated mainly in modern Ukraine, but the right to conduct such activities and have other states.In particular, the famine in the Soviet Union that took place in 1932-1933., In fact, covered the territory of Kazakhstan, the North Caucasus, the Volga region, Western Siberia, Belarus and Ukraine.At least the disaster has affected Armenia and Azerbaijan, the eastern regions of the Soviet Union at that time, as well as the territory of the Moscow region and further north, even though they were consuming, and not producing agricultural products.
Famine in Russia has been a few times in a century
in Russian pre-revolutionary period, the lean years were not at all rare.Thus, it is believed that the lack of food was recorded in 1880, 1892 (particularly lean year) 1891, 1897-1898., The same situation was in 1901, 1905-1908, 1911 and 1913.But the memory of Holodomor victims while not read, because, despite bad harvests, mass casualties among the population was not.But it was sufficient reduction in survival rates due to the use of surrogates instead of a full-fledged production.It is worth noting that the government has attempted to stop the effects of crop failure through the creation and delivery of grain stocks to the needy during the famine years.In particular, this system is particularly well-worked in 1911.
first victims of starvation during the Soviet regime
somewhat different situation developed after the Great October Socialist Revolution, which was followed by civil war.Moreover, the overthrow of the tsarist regime preceded the First World War.Due to the crisis of authority and the chaos in the country, the first famine in Soviet times was recorded in 1921-1922, when the outbreak of severe drought, which has strengthened the existing organizational and military problems.The main affected areas were then the Volga and Southern Urals.Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Holodomor in this regard is not set in Russia, although the number of victims is impressive - 5 million.The situation was so severe that the Bolshevik government to take help of Western countries and a lot of church property seized under the pretext of famine relief.
The system is to blame for the loss of life?
Holodomor victims of 1932-1933 revered especially because in this period there was no natural prerequisites for such a situation - the years, in contrast to 1921, in 1946, they were not barren.Therefore, the death of millions of people feel guilty about the communist regime (in accordance with the officially approved version).It is based on the fact that the Soviet government in 1927, developing a plan to complete collectivization in agriculture coercive techniques, because at 95% load acreage crops accounted for about half of the pre-war level.The plan was a prosperous part of the pressure on farmers, which, after its implementation has led to the fact that a workable youth fled to the city, and about 2 million the most intelligent workers were sent to the eastern regions of the country (where hunger manifested minimally).
Busting the "kulaks" has led to a drop in the workforce
Day of Holodomor victims, unfortunately, can indeed be celebrated in connection with the long-standing mistakes of the Soviet leadership, because this policy has led to a significant shortage of draft power anda large deterioration in the qualification selhoztruzhennikov it in the most promising regions of the country by the 1931 planting season.Lack of skills of quality agriculture in the remaining field of peasant farmers has meant that margins were not well handled (weeding even sent the Red Army), and the collection was lost to one-fifth of the total crop.
half loss of crops and two million victims in Kazakhstan
Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holodomor in Ukraine would never be established if, in 1932, that, at the time of the Soviet republic, standing left about 40 percent of the grain harvest.At the same time almost the same number (36%) recorded in the sources for hleborobnyh the Lower and the Upper Volga.Therefore, Ukraine is in the trouble that time has "fellow sufferer" - Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan.A feature of the Ukraine is that the hunger of those years swept almost all of its territory, so some local historians mistakenly believe that it was directed specifically against the genocide of the Ukrainian nation.In Kazakhstan, where not celebrate the day of memory of victims of Holodomor, in the same period have died from lack of food, about 2 million people, with almost half of the indigenous people then left their residence and went to other regions.
Withdrawal agricultural products was accompanied by repression
when Ukraine celebrated the memory of the victims of the famine?Date of the event was set by Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and falls on the last Saturday of November (1998).From 2000 to this day not only to honor the memory of victims of famines, but the memory of the victims of repression, which in the 30s of the 20th century was very much throughout the former USSR.In particular, in 1932-1933, during the famine, a law was passed "On five ears" when starved for trying to find in the field a few stalks of grain they could shoot (more than two thousand verdicts enforced) or condemn (about convicted52 000 people).And all this occurred against the background of mass withdrawal of the most inhumane methods of agricultural production.People evicted, beaten, shot, frozen, buried waist-deep in the hole, tortured, forced to drink water mixed with kerosene falling apart their homes, and others. This was produced about 593 tons of grain.
huge variation in the evaluation of the dead
Holodomor victims in all regions of many countries today honored as they were relatives of some of the living.And if that happens should not be forgotten, because the events of those years were more than tragic.In Ukraine, in 1933 the death rate in some regions reached a hundred percent on the day to 25 thousand perished, and the total number of victims was - according to various estimates - from 4.6 million people (of French researchers) to ten million (details of the US Congress mayin general, USSR).The exact figures are unlikely to be once known as Soviet statistics take into account the sacrifices ceased in April 1933, when the number approached the 2.42 million people only in Ukraine.In addition, it is estimated that in the years of famine was not born one million Ukrainian babies.
modern people should honor the memory of Holodomor victims.Photos of those terrible years often show us cannibals from different parts of the former Soviet Union with the remains of their victims.Total in Ukraine was registered officially (again, up to April 1933) about 2500 episodes of cannibalism (murder for later consumption) and eating the corpses of the dead.These events should not be repeated, the more so in present-day reality hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer and die from malnutrition.
Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Holodomor has now become a kind of topic for speculation of various kinds.For example, Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko issued a law that the famine in Ukraine (at the time) considered to be genocide, and its public denial punishable by law as an illegal act aimed at the humiliation of the Ukrainian nation, desecration of the memory of millions of victims.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs believes that the recognition of the famine as genocide is one-sided, since affected not only Ukrainians, but also many other nationalities.
Ukrainians simply honor the memory of Holodomor victims.2014 did not become the exception to this - in many cities have passed respective activities with laying flowers at the monument to the victims of this tragedy.
Additional version of the reasons for the high mortality rate in 1932-1933.
informal study of the difficult period of Soviet history have recorded a rather curious fact - among the dead people were a certain number of those who have not lost to a skeletal state of hunger, but on the contrary, greatly swollen.This feature of the 1933 famine that does not occur either in 1921 or in 1946, the lean years, or even in the besieged Leningrad.Cases of swelling occurred in families with hidden food stocks that are believed to talking about contact with toxins food available as an option - a fungal origin.In particular, in those years, in the fields of Eastern Europe it was officially recorded an illness of bread as "rust" that hit half the crop in some areas, including Ukraine.So maybe some people did not die from hunger, but from intoxication caused by the poor quality of the harvest, that does not detract from the general scope of this tragedy.Holodomor victims in Ukraine and other former Soviet republics must keep adequately to such events never happen again.
