What are the main ideas of Martin Luther, and what is its role in the process of the Reformation?Against what he played and what the consequences were of his actions?
What was the attitude of Luther to the state as a whole and to the church?On these and other questions we try to answer below.
beginning of the Reformation and its purpose
In the 16th century, Western and Central Europe embraced the movement, which in its socio-economic essence was anti-feudal, but on ideological form - anti-religious.
Activists of the movement called the Reformation, pursued goal following items: changes in the relationship between church and state, alteration of official church doctrine, the complete transformation of the organization of the Catholic Church.The main focus of the Reformation in Europe was Germany.What are the main ideas of Martin Luther on this subject and how it is linked with the movement of the Reformation?On this question we answer below.
Luther's 95 Theses as an impetus to the Reformation
In fact, the beginning of the Reformation became famous 95 theses Professor Vittenberskogo University, doctor of theology of Martin Luther, which he nailed to the door of the church.It was a form of protest against the sale of indulgences - the remission of sins.The churchmen insisted that the saints have committed so many heroic deeds and actions, that they can sell to people as the remission of sins.Over the 95 theses Luther was excommunicated from the church and devoted to disgrace.If either the German princes, Luther would have been put to death.However, the teachings of Martin Luther has gained more and more followers.
ideas of Martin Luther
Luther argued, relying on the Holy Scriptures that the church hierarchy, monasticism in all its forms, and the vast majority of ceremonies is not actually based on the "true word of God."
Referring to the Apostle Paul, Luther said that in order to get into the kingdom of heaven, man enough faith alone.The Catholic Church, in turn, is prescribed for the salvation of the souls of the commission fees and perform many rituals.It - one of the answers to the question of what are the basic ideas of Martin Luther.Not surprisingly, the Church persecuted him, because according to the teachings of Luther, the believer must be justified only to God and is himself a priest.Thus, a person no longer needs the mediation of priests and must slavishly obey only God, not the church.The teachings of Martin Luther states that all classes are the same, and the priest does not differ from a layman.According to the teachings of Luther, only what is found in the Bible - is sacred.All the rest - the case of human hands, and therefore is not true and should be subjected to strict criticism.
Luther and the state
What are the main ideas of Martin Luther on the state?One of the key provisions of the doctrine - the distinction of secular and religious power.At the same time, Luther in his teaching speaks of obedience to kings, humility and patience.He also urges not to raise revolt against the government.This approach becomes clear if we take into account the fact that a good ruler is the one for which the government - is a burden, not a privilege.According to the teachings of Luther, the ruler - the servant and not the master of his people.
temporal power is intended to regulate relations between people.The clergy, too, belong to the common people, which is subject to secular power.
natural and divine right
What are the main ideas of Martin Luther on the relation of spiritual and secular power?If you pass them in a few words - Luther believed that the order should be achieved as a result of reliance on the secular power is not a divine right, and natural, despite the fact that it is - a derivative of the will of God.According to Luther, concepts such as free will, the soul of man and his inner world can not submit to the jurisdiction of the state.
