World history is very rich and full of all sorts of facts.Even with modern technology and unprecedented development of historical sciences, scientists are not fully answered all the questions of humanity.Most of the events, persons, locations, historical documents and remain a mystery to this day.However, these white patches are not a problem to create a kind of "historical tree" that would in general to know the whole historical process of humanity.It should be noted that modern scientists were still able to create a classic model of what happened in the past.But was it the way it is described in textbooks?
Formation History
development of history as a science started a long time ago since the days of ancient Greece.The process of gradual accumulation of knowledge has led to the fact that this science was the key.You can use it to know the real world through the prism of time.Learning more and more facts from the distant past, we can explain some of the events of the present and predict the future.But this kind of function does not are fundamental factor that necessitates the study of history.Currently, scientists are increasingly interested in the driving forces of history.After all, evolution, wherever it is held, can not appear just like that.For this to be a certain factor that will give a boost.If you look at all the stages of historical development, which will be discussed below, it is clear that throughout the history of mankind there were certain events, people, facts or other elements that stimulate further development.
essence of the theory of historical development
whole process of human development can be divided into certain stages.However, it is unknown how it began, and that contributes to its dynamics and decay.When the scientists looked for the answer to this question, they have to reinvent the various theories of historical development that would give answers to your questions.By itself, the term theory is a kind of hypothesis, overgrown with facts and scientific evidence.It allows you to find out and prove loyalty or falsity of any factor.In our case, we prove the whole process of historical development, and theory, in turn, allow us to understand its diversity, form, causes and dynamics.This theory is supported by the fact that the driving force of historical development there and can explain.
Types of theories of historical development
Events can be considered based on two main approaches: a pluralistic and monistic.Each of them leads to the emergence of a kind of historical theory.Pluralist approach talks about the presence of many nations and cultures, the development of which occurred independently of each other.Monistic conception is the complete opposite and proves the relationship of cultures and nations.Thus, we see that each concept can have their driving forces of historical development, moreover, they are very different from each other.As for the theories, their authors have always been committed to any concept.Thus, we can distinguish the basic theory of historical development, namely:
- Theological.All living things developed by the will of God and man - is his finest creation.Any process must take place in the name and for the glory of it.
- Pagan.This theory is interesting, because its adherents totally reject the process of historical development in general.
- linear theory explains all development is a particular point in time.Any development ever to come to an end.
- Theory of Toynbee.It tells the story of cycling all historical processes.All civilizations are experiencing rising, the development, the evolution of the peak and decline.Moreover, all processes are interrelated.
- Marxist theory is universal.It explains the origin of law, society, and the whole process of historical development.Simply put, Marx explains the origin of any social phenomenon, as a result of the class struggle.The theory is widely used in the middle of the XX century, when the world was bipolar: the communist East and the capitalist West.
historical process and its factors
Themselves theory represent only framework under which the society develops.In each of them are exceptional factors that at different times influenced the evolution of society.Of note is the fact that society and history should be considered as one indissoluble whole, because it is people who influence the process of evolution.Thus, the factors of historical development comes from the people and affect them the same, thereby coordinating the behavior of society in an area of the planet.In this case, you need to take into account the geographic data, as all nations are at different stages of historical development.This can be clearly seen in the present.Compare least European countries and African countries.People are the same, except for the color of the skin, and in the development gap between them colossal.It follows that the factors of historical development depend not only on age.They will also be conditional on territorial and other characteristics of the population, such as religion, mentality, political system, etc.
stage of historical development
So we have established that the factors depend on the geographical location and a certain historical period.Ordering of modern science has meant that scientists shared the history of the world in the time periods.Each of them has a certain timeframe.Thanks to them we are able to study and identify the main driving forces of historical development.
In all countries, divided into the following stages:
- primitive world.The beginning of this stage is characterized by two key dates: 1.2 million years BC, when the first man, and 40 thousand years BC.Last date refers to the appearance of consciousness in Homo sapiens and the appearance of his survival skills, among other species.
- Ancient World (IV-III millennium BC - V century AD).
- Middle Ages (V - XV century AD).
- modern times (XVI - 60th years of XX century AD).
- Contemporary (60th years of XX century - present).
different factors at all stages of
Each historical phase reflects the process of human life.Throughout history, people have used the knowledge gained to the transition to a new level.But the accumulation of knowledge - it is a long process, so steps are not uniform in their time frame.
Each of them ended in a certain event.For example, a primitive society began to disappear with the emergence of civilizations and vast empire such as the Roman, Mesopotamian, Persian.The ancient world had ceased to exist when Jesus gave the world Christianity.
At the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times occurred the great geographical discoveries that led to human development.The historical legacy that remains after each step, helping people achieve new heights by using the error of past generations.
Conclusion In general, the features of the historical development depends on many factors.But the main ones we ourselves - the people who inhabit the planet Earth.Any our actions make history of this world, and who knows, maybe the next step is not far off.
