census of the Russian Empire (1897) was not the first of its kind in Russia.It is known that individual census made periodically on the territory of the Russian principalities, khanates Kaganates, in order to determine how much income can be obtained from the population of a given territory.For example, historians have found that the time of Peter the First census to determine the total population of the Russian Empire (at the time) at thirteen million people.In the period of the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1917 was made about two hundred accounts of events in various cities, including Livonia, Courland and Estland provinces, capitation has been made keeping the people living there.
The results of the census taken nearly 90 volumes
census of the Russian Empire in 1897 was prepared in 1874.In particular, in the two years prior to the account of events in Russia were banned statistical work associated with obtaining data from the population.Since June 1895 Tsar Nicholas II signed a decree in which it is determined that a census should be to determine the composition, size and distribution of the population, including all Russian citizens and foreigners.In carrying out such large-scale events have been allocated 7 million rubles.And the results were eventually collected and published only in 1905, nearly ninety volumes.
In the Russian Empire spoke a hundred languages
Russian Empire Census (1897) found that all the country's population of about 125 640 000 people, of which their language is considered 55.6 million Russian, Little Russian - 22 million,Belarus - 5.8 million. As part of the empire at that time included the Polish lands, then the language is spoken 7.9 million inhabitants, and the Moldovan and Romanian - 1.21 million people.The Hebrew language was used at the time of about 5.06 million people.For most small indigenous languages spoken at the time in Russia, were: Spanish and Portuguese - 138, Dutch - 335 speakers, and Hindu, Kisti, Lezgin, Chuvan Afghan.
census of the Russian Empire (1897) demonstrated that in Russia live carriers such foreign languages as Chinese - 57 thousand. People., Japanese - only 2.6 thousand. People. Korean - about 26 thousand. person.Quite a lot was speaking in German - about 1.7 million Armenian - 1.17 million people.Weight group consisted of native Tatar language - 3.73 million, Bashkir - 1.31 million people., Kyrgyz - about 4 million people.
historical documents preserved for us the position of scientists as to the origin of a particular language at a time that is relatively modern times data is incorrect.For example, the Yakut language is related to Turkish-Tatar dialect.In total, the Russian Empire at that time, there were more than a hundred officially installed languages and dialects, which were native to the population in a given region.System language, and in those days, and today is the Russian language, which allows people to understand each other, while maintaining their own identity.
literacy rate was only one-fifth
first general census of the Russian Empire (1897) carried out by specially trained scribes, who received a medal for taking part in such an event.They did a great job filling out a total of about thirty million ballots, as in the countryside many farmers were illiterate or illiterate.And this figure is reflected in the statistics - at that time in Russia was the only literate one in five people, while among men the percentage of "educated" about 30%, while among women - only about 13 percent a year.An interesting fact is that among the peasants to the question on behalf of the couple, many answered that they styled wife simply "Baba".
Kuptsov was less than the priests
According to the census of the Russian Empire (1897), the majority of the population lived in rural areas (about 87 percent) and represented a class of peasants (77 per cent of all citizens).Next in size were burgers - about 11 percent, "aliens" - about 6.5 percent of the Cossacks - 2.3 percent.The people of the Russian Empire at the time was engaged primarily in that the cultivated land, not sold.Merchants were counted 0.2 percent, which was less than the clergy (half a percent) and nobles (half percent).Also featured in the list of other persons - 0.4 percent.
relocation much needed permission
Russian Empire Census (1897) found that Russia then was the peasant-middle-class, where the burgers were a collection of small traders, artisans, urban residents who owned most of the real estate in the cities, and were the maintaxpayers.By the time of the census this class is no longer subject to corporal punishment, which were applicable to him prior to the mid-nineteenth century.Philistines of their position in society were lower than merchants, they attributed to a specific city (in the city narrow-minded book.)Leave their place of residence at the time of the philistine could temporary passport and move to another location - only with the permission of the authorities.Perhaps, in those days, when the move to Russia was possible only through the bureaucratic formalities, laid low mobility of the modern population.
between merchants and nobles
What interesting facts still preserved for us the story?Russian Empire Census (1897) recorded that in Russian society were so-called "honorable citizens", which accounted for 0.3% of the total population.It was an intermediate class between the noble gentry and merchants, who first allowed to protect against the ingress of "noble blood" and to satisfy personal ambitions second.Honorary citizenship, as well as the nobility could be a personal and hereditary.Private honorary citizenship applied only to the carrier of this title, and his wife, while hereditary, respectively, belonged to the descendants of the holder of the title.
In those days, there were more believers and churches than now
census of the Russian Empire (1897) showed that the main religion was Orthodox, who professed about 70 percent of the population.In second place after the Christians were then Muslims - about 11.1 percent, then came the followers of the Roman Catholic Church - about nine per cent and 4.2 per cent of the population were Jews.The peoples of Russia at that time were extremely devout, in connection with which it was built a large number of religious institutions.For example, in Russia at the time of the Great October Socialist Revolution was about 65,000 Orthodox churches and churches, while the modern Russian Orthodox Church has 29-30 thousands of temples, including those in Belarus, the Baltic States, Ukraine and others.
megacities
What evidence has revealed the census (1897)?The results of this study give us an opportunity to find out what was then Russia's major population centers.The capital of the state at the time (in Moscow, St. Petersburg) cities.There were more than 1.2 million people.The second largest "metropolis" Moscow was - 1.038 million people.More than half a million people lived in Warsaw (683 thous.), Which was then part of the Russian Empire (the kingdom of Poland).In addition to the above, on the map of the country at that time was about 40 cities with a population of more than 50 000 people.
particular value to modern historians are themselves questionnaires, which reflects the primary information.Of these, one could learn a lot.However, most of the papers had been destroyed, so we are satisfied with the processed data.
