Today we will talk about the level of economic development of the neighboring countries of France.It is the largest country in Europe after Russia and Ukraine.Today, the country is on the upsurge.It developed industrial and agricultural sectors.
However, a significant impact in the European Union have each other bordering states.
about what opportunities and challenges have neighbors the French, and we'll talk further.
French neighbors
Before considering the level of development of the neighboring countries of France, is to talk about with whom, in fact, is the state borders.
The actual neighbors in Europe are 8 countries - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium and Spain.But there are also three "foreign" neighbor.
These countries bordering on the possessions of France in Latin America.Mostly this island.Among them it is worth noting Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion and Mayotte.There is also a continental government Guiana.
Belgium
high level of economic development of Belgium began to evolve and rise through the medieval production.No wonder this country called "workshop of the State."City of Liege and Antwerp are famous gunsmiths and craftsmen of the diamond business, Flanders - the center of the textile industry in Europe.
In principle, speaking about the Kingdom of Belgium, not to mention one feature.Until the end of World War II, went clear delineation of areas of the industry.Therefore, some were rich enough, other people had more modest incomes.
Since 1945, mainly due to the "doctrine Galopina", there is a sharp growth of the state.Almost everywhere there are factories of light industry in Flanders begins to develop refining, Antwerp becomes the third largest port in Europe.In addition, it transferred to Brussels headquarters of NATO and some other communities.
country experienced two recessions.In 1980-1982 years when the deficit stood at 13% of GDP, government debt increased significantly, as well as unemployment.The second occurred in the recession of 1992-1993.During this crisis, the overall GDP growth fell almost two percent.
But since 1994, the level of economic development of Belgium began to rise.Today the kingdom is going through a white band in this area.Despite the political crisis of 2007-2010, GDP is growing, and the budget deficit, and unemployment is falling.
Today, per capita GDP is around 38-40 thousand dollars.According to 2010 he was at 38 700 dollars.
Spain
Today, the level of economic development in Spain is at a high level.According to statistics for 2012, the government took the fourteenth place in the global ranking of countries.
main branch of the economy, traditionally inherent in the Kingdom of Spain since the Middle Ages, was agriculture.The bulk of the dates, almonds, olives and sugar cane are still exported by the State.You will be surprised, but the Spanish rice yield is the highest on the planet.In addition, the state provides high volumes of wheat, wine and citrus fruits.In the area of agriculture are involved only about three percent of the working population.
But the leading role of this sector of the economy at this stage is sharply reduced.Today, the rapid growth occurs in the manufacture of footwear, auto parts, machine tools, audio and video equipment, chemicals.
If we talk about international statistics in fourteen spheres of production, Spain is in the top five of each of the segments.
Surprisingly, the level of economic development of the Spanish unemployment rate has almost no effect.The norm for the country is considered to be his record to 8-10%.For many countries this would be a heavy blow.Spain also makes a fairly high degree of illegal employment and shadow economy.
Italy
level of economic development of Italy is very different regionally.If the northern regions are more developed by the industrial enterprises, the South are far behind in this respect.In the less developed areas of the shadow economy prospers.
main scourge of the Italian economy - is illegal immigrants in particular, and the whole immigration in general.They come here in search of better living conditions of the people from the "third world."Especially popular are the southern region, as there you can quickly find a job in the field of agriculture.Employers, too, are satisfied with this situation.Illegals take for their services a small fee in cash, so it is possible to spend large amounts of finance without the knowledge of the tax authorities.
Today, the level of economic development of Italy is the third largest in Europe.Major industries that keep the country "afloat", the following: automotive and motor vehicles, white goods (refrigerators, etc.), shoes, clothing, pasta, olives, cheese, wine, canned fruit.
Today, GDP per capita (data from 2013) is about 30 000 dollars.The official unemployment rate is around seven per cent (2006), and inflation - 1.5% (2006).
It is thanks to the long history and the unique experience of companies in the North of Italy, the country can withstand the permanent crisis in the southern regions and powerful flow of legal and illegal immigration.
Germany
level of economic development of Germany is the highest in Europe and the fifth in the ranking of countries.It loses only such giants as the US, China, Japan and India.
as the development of post-industrial republic, Germany principal amount of capital received from the service sector.It is in this sector is the most jobs.It also owns 78% of GDP (2011).
feature of German economic situation is a long-term adherence to a social market model.This paradigm involves close interaction between the trade unions and workers, a high tax rate.The main feature of this model is supplied at the center of business and government policy, which ensures the development of the market and the most even distribution of wealth.
On the one hand, it gave great results and contributed to the rapid recovery of the country after two defeats in the world wars.Today, the level of economic development in Germany is very high, but this phenomenon has a dark side.
very high level of tax generates a large number of dependents.For comparison, for example, in the mid-1990s tax deductions in Germany reached 65%, and in United States - about 32%.According to statistics, from 100 dollars of net salary for contributions to social authorities deducted $ 81.Today
tax on retained earnings - 50%.Of GDP in 2013 - about 40 thousand dollars per capita, unemployment rate - 5.5%, and inflation - 2.1%.
Switzerland
We continue to consider the level of economic development of the neighboring countries of France.Briefly examined large neighbors, such as Italy, Spain, Germany.Now we talk about the small states.The first is an overview of the Swiss Confederation.
This country though is rich enough, but is in direct proportion to the foreign policy and international relations.The main sphere, where received enormous financial flows, is banking.Today in Switzerland there are more than four hundred banks.Due to the country's neutrality and to maintain confidentiality with respect to client information, the flow of funds is growing every year.
Besides this sector, the level of economic development of Switzerland affect the pharmaceutical, chemical, food industry, production of watches, cheese and chocolate.
important, oddly enough, is the agriculture.It enjoys a special arrangement with the government.It is the farmers who are engaged in the production of environmentally friendly products of plant and animal origin, provided significant tax benefits.
also sufficiently developed in Switzerland are insurance and tourism.The latter, in particular, brings the state more than half a billion francs a year.
Luxembourg
In this article we consider the level of economic development of the neighboring countries of France.Now we will focus on a small country, which occupies a leading position in the development and prosperity of the population.
Duchy covers an area of just two and a half thousand square kilometers.The population is around half a million people.But GDP per capita is about 129 thousand dollars.
main branch, which affects the level of economic development of Luxembourg, is a heavy industry.In particular, until 1997, maximum speed did and steel business.Today it is not running no blast furnace, steel scrap processed.
the main income of the population receives from the service sector, tourism, banking and trade.More than half of the active population of the Duchy employed in these areas.
In tourism is dominated by two trends - resorts and hang-gliding.In the area of finance has the most attractive offshore.Therefore, in the duchy of Luxembourg is more than two hundred international banks.
With such a high development, oddly enough, continues to exist and agriculture.The most traditional are the following sectors - livestock, horticulture and grape business.
Monaco
If you try to figure out which countries bordering France in the usual political map of Europe, you can not notice the two countries, which will be discussed later.
The first of these - the Principality of Monaco.It is a small country, one of the tiniest in Europe.It covers an area of only two square kilometers, and the population - about 36 thousand people.GDP per capita - 170 thousand dollars.
Where did this tiny state higher turnover?Let's look in more detail.
As we said earlier, the level of economic development of the neighboring countries of France is largely dependent on industry, agriculture, services and banks.
But this small country is so little space and a lot of people, that neither industry, nor any production of goods simply could not provide the country financially.
in Monaco developed only a pleasure and tourist sectors of the economy.Here are some of the world's richest casino (in Monte Carlo) and conducted stage racing "Formula 1".
In addition to these areas, more income comes from the life of the princely family coverage in the media, as well as high-end tourism.Living in Monaco is the most expensive in the world.For example, rent one-bedroom apartments range in the area is 4,000 euros per month, while the average wage in 3200-3500 euros.But the cost per square meter of real estate in the sale starts from 20 000 euros.
Andorra
If you look at the political map of countries with which it borders France, and you can not help noticing that dwarf principality on the border with Spain.The territory of Andorra occupies only 468 square kilometers.The population - about 70 thousand people.GDP - an average of 35,000 per capita.
80 percent of the gross domestic product of the country is provided by the tourism sector.Every year come here about nine million people, with the bulk of attracting ski resorts.
suitable for agriculture, only about two percent of the territory.Grow in Andorra, potatoes, barley, tobacco and rye.No wonder that the name of the country from the Basque language means "wasteland."
main problem of the Principality of Andorra is that the level of economic development of the neighboring countries - France and Spain - has a direct impact on its position.This situation is due to the fact that this small country is importing food and raw materials.
undoubted advantage is a soft tax policy, minimum intervention in the economy by the state.The latter, in particular, allows businesses to operate virtually without restriction.
Also here is the free trade zone.Therefore, in the Principality of Andorra, arrived at the local ski resort, you can buy high-quality French and Spanish products at below the cost of 25-40% of the price in neighboring countries.
«Overseas» neighbors
Finally we will mention the States bordering the Overseas France.These include Brazil, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.
Brazil - it is recognized as an economic giant in Latin America.It occupies a leading position in Mercosur (the South American market combined).The main industrial centers are the southern regions.It produces aircraft, automobiles, steel, coffee, sugar, shoes, cloth and other goods.
much poorer population lives north-eastern regions.However, these cities are now beginning to attract large investments in view of improving economic policy in the country.
Unlike the previous giant, Suriname is the poorest country in Latin America.The state's economy is built on industry and agriculture.
you extract oil from the seabed, bauxite, gold and aluminum.Chop wood.
Grow coconuts, rice, peanuts and bananas.There are farmers who breed cattle and poultry.
In total, according to official sources in these areas are involved about a quarter of the working population.
Netherlands Antilles is the oldest in the world offshore.This state lives at the expense of services, processing and transportation of petroleum products, as well as repair ships.
Thus, in this article we'll dismantled the economic situation in which there are neighboring countries of France.
Good luck to you, dear friends.Travel more!
