autumn 1910 Ernest Rutherford, possessed by thought, painfully trying to understand the internal structure of the atom.His experiments on the scattering of alpha particles various substances convincingly argued - within the atom is present some hitherto unexplored, massive body.In 1912, Rutherford would call it an atomic nucleus.The head scientist swarmed thousands of questions.What is the charge of this unknown body?What is the number of electrons needed to ensure its weight?
In May 1911 Rutherford published an article about the structure of atoms, which anticipates a very important caveat that the stability of the atomic structure is likely to depend on the intricacies of the internal structure of the atom and the motion of charged particles, which are its important structural component.Thus was born the electron configuration - nuclear electrons of the atomic model.This model was destined to play an invaluable role in nuclear physics.
Electronic configuration - a procedure for the distribution of electrons on atomic orbits.Thanks to the inquisitive mind and perseverance Ernest Rutherford, who was able to defend his idea, science has been enriched with new knowledge, the importance of which can not be overemphasized.
electronic configuration of an atom is.In the center of the entire structure of the nucleus is situated consisting of different for each substance amount of neutrons and protons.What is and is due to the positive charge of the nucleus.Around him, the respective concentric orbits of electrons move - negatively charged elementary particles.These atomic orbits are also called shells.The outer orbit of the atom is called the valence.A number of electrons on it - valence.
Each electronic configuration of the elements differ in the number of electrons it contains.For example, the simplest atom of matter in the universe - hydrogen - contains only a single electron, atom of oxygen - eight, and the electronic configuration of iron consists of twenty six electrons.
But decisive importance in the electronic model of the atom is not the number of electrons, and what holds them together and makes the entire system to function properly - the nucleus and its composition.That is the core substance gives individual qualities and characteristics.Electrons sometimes leave the atomic model, and then the atom acquires a positive charge (due to the nuclear charge).When this material does not change its properties.But if you change the composition of the nucleus, it will be quite a different matter with different properties.It makes it difficult, but still possible.
Since the electron configuration is impossible without its main structural element - the atomic nucleus, it should be emphasized.It is this central element of the atomic model generates individual properties and characteristics of any chemical.Protons, which, in fact, the core and give a positive charge 1840 times heavier than any of the electron.But the power of the proton charge equal to that of any of the electron.In the state of balance of the number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons.In this case, the core is the carrier of the zero charge.
Another important particle called a neutron of the atomic nucleus.It is this element that does not have a charge, made possible the nuclear chain reaction.So to overestimate the importance of the neutron is simply impossible.
