Russian language has six cases, which express the specific roles of nouns in sentences: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional.One of the oblique cases is in Russian dative.It occupies a special place compared to other oblique case, since it is opposed to them that has a semantics.
Dative indicates the object to which the action is directed at the destination (for example, wrote to his sister, to help parents), on the subject (for example, to rejoice the birth, belong to the child), the object status and properties (eg, loyalty to the above, devotion to his master).It expresses the ratio defining the purpose of the object (the anthem labor) used in the proposals for the transfer of impersonal state of the subject (the child was unwell, I wanted to sleep).Dative answers the question (you can sometimes mentally substitute the word "give") "who?", "What?", "Where?" "Where?".
Dative, compared with other oblique case can be used with fewer primitives prepositions ("in" and "on").In prislovnoy position dative in Russian with preposition "to" may serve as informative and fills forms (refer to the most famous sayings) have the object value (respect for parents) have a attributive value (in place: to come to the door in time: warming to noon; for the purpose and destination: the food for dinner).
In neprislovnoy position dative with the preposition "to" is set predictive feature (the ability to sing), the object value in the determination (to this dress is missing something bright), attributive and adverbial value of place and time (in the evening warmed).At the use of the preposition "of" in prislovnoy position dative has the following values: object (knock on wood, I miss my brother), said detection with the values of the place (along the road), time (sleep at night), the reasons (say by mistake)target (call to verify).In neprislovnoy position - this feature predictive values (longing for the parental home), subjective value (left everything by the book), and said detection value (on Sunday the store is not running).
Dative combined with such nepervoobraznymi pretexts: in contrast (to say) through (my mother), contrary (to myself), following (the company), in spite of (the fate of), in relation to (the professor), according to (contract), according to (the objectives), according to the (number of).When declension of nouns especially pay attention to the dative, the end of which depend on the type of declension noun.Nouns are names I declension (masculine and feminine, ending in "s", "th") in the dative endings have a "th", "s" in the singular (for example, mother, wall, history, aunt) and "-am", "-s" - in the plural (for example, mothers, uncles).
second declension nouns (masculine and neuter ending with zero and ending in "-o") have the singular end "y", "th" (eg, window, table) and plural tion numbers "-am"" -s "(for example, windows, tables) in the dative.The names of the nouns of the third declension (ending in a soft sign) at the end of the dative have "s" in the singular (for example, a night on the tissue) and "-am", "-s" - in the plural (for example, at nightby tissues).
