The reality is that every society without exception, faces certain dangers inherent in the world around us.They have different origins, different in nature and intensity, but they are united by the fact that in case of ignoring the consequences may be disastrous.Even the most insignificant at first glance, the social threat may lead to popular uprisings, armed conflicts, and even to the disappearance of the country from the map of the Earth.
definition of "danger»
To understand what it is, you must first give the definition of the term."Danger" is one of the fundamental categories of the science of safety.In addition, it should be noted that most of the authors agree that the threats along with ways to defend against them are the subject of the same science.
According SIOzhegov danger - is the possibility of occurrence of something wrong with any adversity.
This definition is highly conditional and does not reveal the entire complexity of the concept.For a comprehensive analysis should give a better definition of the term.The danger in the broadest sense can be interpreted as real or potential phenomena, processes or events that can actually cause harm to each individual, a group of people, the entire population of a particular country or the world community as a whole.This damage can take the form of material damage, destruction of spiritual and moral values and principles, degradation and involution of society.
term "hazard" is not to be confused with the "threat."Despite the fact that it related concepts under the "threat" means openly voiced the idea of a person's physical or material harm to another person or society as a whole.Thus, it is the danger of passing from the stage to the stage of the likelihood of reality, that is already in place, the existing one.
object and the subject of the dangers
Considering the danger, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of the subject, on the one hand and the object - on the other.
subject is its support or source, which acts as individuals, social environment, and technical sphere, as well as nature.
objects, in turn, are those who are subject to threat or danger (personality, social environment, the government, the international community).
It should be noted that a person can be both subject and object of danger.Moreover, it imposes an obligation to ensure the safety.In other words, it is its "control".
hazard classification
Today there are about 150 names of potential dangers, and it is, according to some authors, is not a complete list.In order to develop the most effective measures that would prevent, or at least would reduce their negative effects and negative effects on a person, it is advisable to carry out their systematization.Hazard classification - this is one of the central themes of the discussion of experts.Nevertheless, numerous heated debates to date have not yielded the expected results - the standard classification and failed to develop.
According to one of the most complete typology, the following types of hazards.
Depending on the nature of origin:
- natural, caused by natural phenomena and processes, particularly the relief, climatic conditions;
- environmental, caused by any changes in the environment that adversely affect its quality;
- anthropogenic, resulting from human activity and its direct impact on the environment by using different technical means;
- technological arising in response to the industrial and economic activities of people at facilities related to the technosphere.
The intensity of distinction:
- dangerous;
- very dangerous.
As the coverage is isolated:
- local (within a specific area);
- regional (within a specific region);
- inter-regional (within a few regions);
- global, affecting the entire world.
by time mark:
- periodic or temporary;
- constant.
on the perception of human senses:
- perceived;
- not felt.
Depending on the number of people at risk:
- individual;
- group;
- mass.
What about the dangers of social classification
social danger, or as they are called public, heterogeneous in nature.However, there is one feature that unites them all: they are a threat to the huge number of people, even if at first glance it seems that they are directed directly to the specific person.For example, people taking drugs, doomed to suffering, not only themselves but also their relatives and friends, forced to live in fear because of the "blemish" committed and their favorite person.
Threats are numerous, hence the need of ordering.The generally accepted classification today does not exist.However, one of the most common typologies notes following types of social dangers.
- Economic - poverty, hyperinflation, unemployment, mass migration, and others.
- Political - separatism, extreme manifestation of nationalism, chauvinism, the problem of national minorities, ethnic conflicts, extremism, genocide, and others.
- Population - Growthskyrocketing world's population, illegal migration, reaching now the horrific scale, overcrowding in some countries, on the one hand, and the extinction of nations, on the other, the so-called social diseases, which include, for example, tuberculosis and AIDS, and others.
- Family - alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, domestic violence, drug addiction, etc..
alternative classification of social dangers
They can be classified according to other principles.
by nature are social dangers:
- effect on the human psyche (cases of blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, and others.);
- related to physical violence (cases of gangsterism, racketeering, terrorism, robbery and so on. D.);
- generated by the storage, use and distribution of drugs or other psychoactive substances (drugs, alcohol, tobacco products, banned smoking mixtures, and so on. N.);
- arising mainly as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse (AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, and others.).
By age and sex distinguish hazards related to:
- children;
- adolescents;
- men / women;
- elderly.
Depending on the preparation (organization):
- planned;
- involuntary.
Know the hazards important.This will allow to take timely measures to prevent them or rapid elimination.
sources and causes of social dangers
health and life of humans can threaten not only natural hazards but also social.Attention should be paid to all types, as ignoring them could lead to disastrous consequences.Sources of danger made even called preconditions, the main ones are the various processes taking place in society, social and economic.These processes, in turn, is not spontaneous, but due to human actions, that is, his actions.Those or other actions depend on the level of intellectual development of man, his prejudices, ethical and moral values, the totality of which ultimately determines and draws its line of conduct in the family, the group and society.Improper behavior, or rather deviant, is a deviation from the norm and poses a real threat to others.Thus, it can be argued that the imperfection of human nature - one of the most important sources of social hazards.
often causes social dangers unrest escalating into a conflict, rooted in the need or lack something.These include, for example, pathological lack of money, lack of adequate living conditions, lack of attention, respect and love from friends and relatives, the impossibility of self-realization, unrecognized, is constantly growing problem of inequality in society, ignorance and unwillingness of the authorities to understand and solve the difficultiesIt faced daily by the population, and so on. d.
Considering the causes of social threats, need to be based on the principle that "everything affects everything," that is, the sources of danger - it's all animate and inanimate, threatening people or the nature aroundits diversity.
In summary, it can be concluded that the main sources of danger are:
- processes and phenomena that are of natural origin;
- elements constituting the built environment;
- deeds and actions of man.
reasons, because of which some objects suffer to a greater extent, while others are not affected at all, depend on the specific properties of these objects.
What is the social danger of crime?
figures showing annual growth of crime in the world, only the imagination, and involuntarily forced to think about the meaning of life.Victims of illegal, violent acts can become every person, regardless of gender, age, race and religion.There is more talk about the case, not the rule.Realizing the seriousness of the situation and the responsibility that for the life and health of the children grown, they try as much as possible to explain in detail her children in danger than a social crime, what can turn carelessness, overconfidence or lightheadedness.Every child should be aware that the crime - a deliberate act directed against a single person or group of persons.It is socially dangerous, as perpetrator of the crime, shall punished accordingly.
in the classic sense of crime is the most dangerous manifestation of deviant behavior, which causes significant damage to society.Crime, in turn, constitutes an act of infringement against public order.Violations of the law - is not a natural hazard.They do not occur due to natural phenomena which are not subject to man, and consciously come from the person and is directed against it.Crime "blooms" in a society which is dominated by the poor, widespread homelessness, a growing number of dysfunctional families, and drug addiction, alcoholism and prostitution are not perceived by most of society as something out of the ordinary.
The main types of socially dangerous crimes
offenses undoubtedly constitute grave social danger.BC (life safety) notes the following most common offenses that have a negative impact on the environment: terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape.
terror - violence is the use of physical force, including death.
fraud - a crime, the essence of which is the acquisition of another property by deception.
robbery - a crime which is intended as the acquisition of another property.However, unlike fraud, robbery involves the use of violence dangerous to life or health of people.
Blackmail - an offense that involves the threat of exposure of a person in order to obtain from it a different kind of material or non-material benefits.
Rape - a crime that is a violent sexual act, during which the victim is in a helpless state.
Brief description of the major types of social dangers
Recall that the social risks include: drug addiction, alcoholism, venereal disease, terrorism, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape and others. We consider these threats to public order more.
- Addiction - one of the strongest human dependency.The addiction to such substances is a serious disease, practically untreatable.An individual who uses drugs, in such a state of intoxication does not give account for their actions.His mind clouded, and inhibited movement.At the moment of euphoria, blurring the line between reality and dream, the world seems perfect and life is rosy.The stronger this feeling, the faster the addiction.However, the drugs - an expensive "pleasure".In search of funds for the purchase of another dose of a drug addict is capable of stealing, extortion, robbery with a view to profit, and even murder.
- Alcoholism - a disease occurring as a result of addiction to alcohol.Alcoholics characterized by progressive mental deterioration, coupled with the emergence of a number of specific diseases.Significantly affected the peripheral and central nervous system.Alcoholic condemns to torment not only himself but also his family.
- Sexually transmitted diseases - AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, and so on. N. Their social danger is that they spread with great speed and threaten the health and lives of patients not only directly, but also to humanity as a whole.In addition, patients often hide from others the truth about the state of his health, recklessly enter with them into a sexual relationship, thus spreading the infection rapidly.
protection
social dangers in their daily life, a person inevitably faced with various threats.Today we look at social risk.BC, that is, protection from them, is one of the most important functions of any state.Officials, other government officials are obliged to ensure the safety of the population, which has delegated them to the board.In their immediate responsibilities include the development and implementation of measures and preventive measures, which aim to prevent and eliminate various kinds of dangers.Practice has shown that ignoring or neglecting social threats leads to the situation in society is compounded, it becomes virtually unmanageable and changes over time in an extreme stage, acquiring the features and characteristics of emergency.Everywhere beset mankind social danger.Examples of life of drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals should always remind us that we are responsible for what is happening around and a duty to help as far as possible to the needy and destitute.Only joint efforts can make a difference.
