Maikop - the capital of the Republic of Adygea, a small town in southern Russia, which appeared on the map of the country in 1857.During his more than a century, he managed to go from a military fort to the beautiful, rich sights and attractions.
It offers a striking panorama of the mountains of the Caucasus, its quiet, tranquil streets is the best suited for walks, and nature and historical sites attract tourists from all over the world.
Adygea on the map Russia
Pastoral Region in southern Russia - a paradise for geologists, archaeologists and travelers.Adygeya map shows that more than 40% of the territory of the district is covered with forests - there are growing beech, hornbeam, maple, there are sites of ancient Neanderthals and homo sapiens.
Even now, go to the places where they live, you can find pieces of crockery and other traces of previous eras.In the mountainous regions of the republic preserved megalithic monuments - dolmens and tombs of the Middle Bronze Age.
The modern period is two urban districts, municipal districts of the Republic of Adygea number seven, three urban settlements and more than two hundred small settlements.The climate is generally mild, winter is not very cold - the average temperature in January -2˚S.In summer, the air temperature in July is + 22˚S.
in terms of the territory within a district can meet different climatic zones, and along with them - the plants and animals are very diverse.It operates several environmental zones, a number of unique monuments of nature, soon to be national natural park "Mountain Adygea".
Since 1936, this territory is Adygei Autonomous Region.In 1992 it became the Republic of Adygea.The language of the indigenous population - Adygea, although there understand Russian, and almost all of it is spoken.
majority of the population professes Christianity or Islam.However, none of the religions is not uniting for the residents of the republic, as the spiritual culture of Adygea is based heavily on Adyghe Khabze - ethical and philosophical doctrine Circassians regarding the moral and ethical laws, attitudes towards elders, parents, women, and also contains tips aboutbehavior in a given situation, and dispute resolution.
As the Code does not indicate the need to adhere to any particular religion, but does not prohibit explicitly any of them, adyg can profess any faith or to be an atheist and still be Adygeya, while adheres to the doctrine.
In terms of nationalities living in the region, the map looks like Adygeya (census 2010):
- were leading in the number of Russian Giaginskiy, Maikop, and Krasnogvardeyskiy Takhtamukaisky areas;
- Adygeisk in the urban district, the city of the same name, Teuchezhsky, Shovgenovsky Koshekhablsky areas and lived most of the Circassians;
- the highest percentage of Armenians was in Maikop region;
- Ukrainians in very small amounts, less than 2% of the total population, lived everywhere, but most of them were, like Russian, in Giaginsky and Maikop district tries;
- by the number of Kurds - as much as 13.11% of the total population - led Krasnogvardejskij.
Amid the wonderful nature of the Caucasus Mountains the capital of the Republic of Adygea looks like a pearl, bordered on the south side of the rivers White and Kurdzhips.Hence, if in the palm of visible wooded ridges of the Caucasus, deep ravines and covered with snow-capped peaks.
history of capital
first mention of the place name "Maikop" refer to 1825, and in 1857, General Kozlovsky founded a military fortification, has received the name.In the early seventies of the 19th century strengthening it has received the status of county town and became the center of Maikop district, while the military leadership was abolished, and soon began to appear institutions - first the Mountain School, then three-class school, even later there is a real man's school and public library.
During World War II the city was occupied, starting from August 10, 1942 and ending 29 January 1943.In memory of this event May 9, 1967 Eternal Flame was lit, which can be seen in the city today.
According to the 2010 census, the number of residents at the moment is 144 249 people.That same year, the capital of the Republic of Adygea has lost the status of historical settlements.
Discover the sights
pay a visit to Maikop just a day or two - a good idea, and if you approach to planning wisely, get to see enough of interesting things.There should not expect to replace the amount of quality - it is better to visit one or two places, but calmly and slowly.
The first is to see the Mosque of Maikop: this wonderful Muslim church with its slender minarets and blue domes - out of competition, although it was built just in 2000.
should definitely try the ethnic product of this territory - Adygei cheese.According to the legislation, only Russia, the Republic of Adygea is a legitimate producer of this type of dairy products, and only manufacturers in this area may call their product Adygei cheese.Manufactured anywhere else, it is considered counterfeit products ... so do not miss the opportunity to try a real, fresh milk and smelling wildflowers product.
Especially if you are lucky to come to Maikop at a time when there is a festival.It offers - not only fair.Expanding original farmstead where visitors can see how the dishes are prepared with the cheese, and try them.
Other worthwhile attention place - Museum of Oriental Art.It is a branch of the Moscow State Museum of Oriental Art.It's pretty small, but there are often exhibitions and expositions, and in general, to go to his "normal" day will also be interesting.Although Adygea on the map of Russia - a small territory since ancient times here there is sufficient findings for a number of special exhibitions.
If still possible, you should definitely visit the building department of the brewery, the church of Saint George, go out of town to see the dolmen along the mountain Bogatyrka.Scientists suggest that they had a religious significance - but it was true or not, the dolmen culture of this region dates back to 2900 - 1300 BC
Monuments stories
If the lack of time, the capital of Adygea attentive traveler can show its most exciting side.And in the city, and around the many attractions that are worth exploring, or at least see, before you leave this wonderful place.
First and foremost, a market worth a visit.Shopping markets in the city a few - Central, East and West - and each can find something interesting.Especially it makes sense to look at the spices - nowhere to be found this their wealth and diversity, both in the market.Here, in the market, you can try Adygei cheese and ayran, different varieties of pita bread, and in the fall - edible chestnuts.
The second - certainly pay attention to the surroundings.The capital of the Republic of Adygea is beautiful by the fact that around it - a wonderful, unique nature of the North Caucasus and monuments of ancient cultures.
In the city there are several interesting sights, including the leader Mosque.Also it is worth attention to the building department of the brewery, the memorial to the soldiers of the 131st Brigade, Oriental Museum, the monument "Friendship", the house Kaplanov (built in the style of psevdomodern, typical of public architecture Maikop early 20th century), fire-tower, Artgallery Oshad Mound, a memorial to the heroes of the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War.
Train Station
This is the first that shows tourists the capital of Adygeya."Opens" the station the train arrived here in 1910.After just eight years old, in 1918, there was a bloody battle against the White Guard troops, which killed more than three thousand soldiers Maikop Red Guard detachments.
Based on the architecture, the station building can be attributed to the imitation of the Moorish style.The central part has a four-column portico with baluster railings.The facade has an open gallery with pointed arches that support the round columns with capitals.
The building itself looks quite peaceful - hard to imagine that once there were armed fights.However, even on the map Russia Adygea area takes only 80 out of 85 years of age, the events happened here is no less than a major territories.
Mosque
It was built in 2000 at the expense of the sheikh from the UAE.Located on a beautiful, well-organized territory, and against the green plants looks very peaceful.
Blue Mosque dome contrasts with light walls and especially the picturesque look at the sunset, when the rays of the setting sun color the walls of the temple in the warm golden hue.
building a malting plant in Maikop Brewery
Breweries are very few in the territory of the Republic of Adygea, Maikop and all can boast only one.The building consists of two buildings, but the interest is only one of them, built in the early 20th century in Art Nouveau style, and is a monument of architecture nationwide values.
The plant itself was founded in 1882 by VICommodity.The plant at the time released "Plzeň", "Bavarian", "Vienna", "Export" and "royal" beer.In 1908, the products of this company has been awarded the Gold Medal.
After the opening of the railroad to the markets of the city have started delivering beer from the other republics, and the owner had to take action to save the position.It was to increase production capacity, new equipment and build the building, who later became one of the ornaments of Maikop.
After the establishment of Soviet power plant moved under its control.External events in this period influenced the well-being of the plant badly.Buildings and equipment gradually fell into decay.During the famine of 1932-1933 did not remain on the sidelines and Adygea, Krasnodar region, and the whole territory of the Kuban and the North Caucasus.Recovery began only in the postwar years.In memory of not returning from the front workers of the plant in its territory with a small obelisk.
In 2007-2009 passed reconstruction and modernization of production.
Memorial Warriors 131 Motorized Brigade and the "Avenue of Afghans»
Revolution and the war was not spared Maikop - the capital of Adygea suffered during Lenin's revolution, and during the Great Patriotic War.Memorial dedicated to the memory of soldiers who died in 1995 during the storming of Grozny and is located by the village Kamennomostsky.
The memorial includes the temple of St. George, two pylons, crowned with the arms of Russia, as well as two of the 18 survivors while fighting vehicles.A full list of the dead members of the operation is carved on granite.
Nearby is another monument - the memorial "Avenue of the Afghans," dedicated to those who took part in the Afghan war.
Memorial to the heroes of the Civil and the Great Patriotic War and eternal flame
This monument is located on the northern outskirts of Maikop, near the train station.
It was originally erected in 1927 in memory of victims of 1918 - then on the forecourt Whites were shot more than three thousand people.The second event in the memory of which was erected a memorial refers to the Great Patriotic War.In 1942 sentyabryue all areas of the Republic of Adygea was occupied by fascist invaders.For six months in Maikop were killed over four thousand people.
In the 50s the area around the monument was reconstructed - among other things, the eternal flame was ignited.Now there are several pieces of equipment of the Great Patriotic War.
Fire Tower
Its building was constructed in 1900 in the style of Russian classicism reminestsentny, with the buildings located close to the fire engines.It has just 5 floors, the last - an observation gallery.The facade is divided into four stages with the help of the eaves.The three upper floors, moreover, octagonal.The building is painted in red.
Pushkin House Pushkin House was originally one of the oldest buildings in the city.Erected in 1900 at the expense of the citizens, he played the role of cultural and educational center of Maikop.It was partially destroyed during the Great Patriotic War.
in the 50s decided to reconstruct the monument of architecture.According to Lebedev, the architect built a new building (theater) on the basis of the former Pushkin House.There was a foyer with eight-column portico, a hall for 600 seats, stage box with utility room.
The restructuring Pushkin House has changed dramatically.Now there is little that it resembles the building in 1900.From interior decoration it is best preserved auditorium, where now you can see the unique molding ceilings and excellent acoustics surprised.Nevertheless, it remained for his former name, although it is now used as a theater.
Kurgan Oshad
main city of the Republic of Adygea - Maikop - has a little more than a century, but the land on which it is built, has its own dating back millennia history.Evidence of this were unearthed by archaeologists sanctuary.
In 1897 Veselovsky excavated in the territory of Maikop ancient mound.The mound looked like a mound of earth height of 10 meters and with a small diameter of about 60 meters.Inside were found the remains of three dead - one man and two women.However, there are also bodies was rich grave goods, including jewelry, vessels of gold, silver, copper, ceramics, and other materials, weapons, and items that may have been ritual objects.
Based on the findings, scientists have suggested that it is the rich burial of the leader-priest Oshad.Currently, it belongs to the last quarter of the IV century BCObjects found on display at Moscow's Museum, and the burial place of a stele.
around the mound at a later time, there was a whole range of solar sanctuaries, located on all four sides of the light beams at the ends of the so-called "rose flowers".
Traces of these buildings can still be seen on the territory of Maikop as mounds with ramparts and ditches or underground circles of stones.Maikop slab containing the still undeciphered inscription was found on the territory of one of these sanctuaries.
Hodzhohskie dolmens
Outside the city is even more interesting places.Among them - hodzhohskie dolmen, a complex of 14 buildings of the Bronze Age (including a fully-preserved dolmen "Chygyudzh"), which are located at the entrance to Kamennomostsky.In fact, such facilities in the country a lot - another group is in a clearing Bogatyrskaya.
It is close enough to the city to get to the clearing is possible both by car and by foot or on horseback.The bulk of the megaliths is concentrated on the eastern tip of Bogatyr Ridge, they are arranged in 2 rows, part - scattered on the slopes.
The former autonomy found hundreds of thousands of dolmens - the researchers suggest that there could be located center of ancient civilization unknown.This Maikop and Adygea Mosty districts have the largest concentration of these facilities.
similar megalithic structures found in North Africa, in the Western, Northern and Southern Europe, Korea, China, Japan, South and South-East Asia.In the North and West Caucasus has been found many similar - scientists refer them to the dolmen culture, to the period of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, that is, the time III-I millennium BC.
Russia - Adygea, to be exact - so is one of the areas where once there were quite sophisticated and advanced civilization.About the same evidence and the complex of temples around the mound Oshad.Experts still do not come to a consensus, which built megaliths.
