huge variety of plants often creates a false impression of immensity of the flora on the planet.However, it is not so.The multi-faceted and comprehensive human activities in various industries most directly have a negative impact on plant biomass of the planet.That is why plants need protection from the most intelligent beings - people.
Red Book of Russia
Russian Red Book was published in 1988 and since then its pages are constantly replenished with new names of species of plants and animals.It's very sad, but, unfortunately, inevitable.If you give a precise definition, then the Red book is meant as a printed edition of the book, the pages of which are listed all the plants and animals under state protection as endangered (endangered), rare or already extinct (disappeared).
There are certain criteria that a particular plant species to be listed as endangered.
- listed in the book are subject to only the most rare, small plants (endemic or uzkoendemichnye species) throughout Russia.
- also recorded kinds of important crops that may soon fall under the threat of extinction when idle people.
- The book recorded carefully separate subspecies and species of plants (lily of the valley on this criterion listed in the Red Book).
- plant is entered on the page only after careful study and repeated confirmation of analytical and systematic methods.
Thus, the Russian Red Book of plants (as well as animals) - the main document that holds the story, giving the types of care and protect them through legislation.
Plants that are listed as endangered
To date, the Red Book is placed more than 550 species of plants belonging to different classes, families and types.In general the following data:
- gymnosperms - 11 species;
- flowering plants (angiosperms) - 440 species (including plants from the Red Book of lily of the valley);
- higher spore plants - 36 species;
- lower spore lichen - 29 species;
- representatives of the kingdom of mushrooms - 17 species.
Of course, the figures frightening and unpleasant.If it goes on like this, our planet is poorer biomass.That planet, though, and it comes to Russia.Looking at the map of the world, it is easy to ensure that the Russian Federation is a very significant part of it.
Among all the beautiful and famous favorite flowers, which compose songs and legends, which give to the wedding the bride and admired, the most famous are the following:
- incised violet;
- yellow lily;
- Lilium Martagon;
- bell dolomite;
- iris yellow;
- fine-leaved peony;
- plant of the lily Red Book Keyske.
More stop on lily of the valley, because around them in the Red Book goes to a lot of debate about the appropriateness of the measure.
Reasons premises lily of the valley in the Red Book
Isolation of species threatened with extinction, and were the main reasons for the pages of the edition appeared lily.Red Book protects this delicate and beautiful plant from those who simply want to pick yourself a bouquet of lovely spring flowers.However, this does not help.
According to the latest lily was excluded from the list, which is The Red Book of Russia.Plants (lilies) considered those already regained their strength for the time spent under the protection of, and therefore are no longer threatened with extinction.Only in some specific regions of the country, they are still under the protection of the state.
Maybe that's true.But looking at the mass of thin delicate bouquets with these fragrant and nice little flowers that are mercilessly ripped off and sold in bundles, each flowering season, hard to believe that this is an exception from the list permanently.It can and should not have done?Hard to explain to people how fragile and vulnerable plant lily of the valley.The red book has been on everyone's lips, every schoolboy knew that you can not tear the lilies of the valley, because they are included in it.And now?Now, freedom of access, which is no good for sure will not.
Lily: morphology
There just has not come up with names for these small white fragrant flowers!Among them, such as:
- Keyske lily of the valley;
- lily of the valley;
- young;
- shirt;
- culprit;
- black cohosh;
- eye grass;
- bunny ears;
- May lily;
- Mytnaya grass;
- cross;
- bells of Mary and others.
In appearance resembles a lily flower small, collected in inflorescence bells in white.The plant itself has two large lanceolate leaves emerging from the underground rhizomes.Between the sheets pulled an arrow, which collected flowers.The plant is a perennial, it reaches a height of 30-35 cm. Blossoms in the spring, so many songs and romances, poetry associated with the lilies of the valley in the spring, with the revival of nature.
distribution area for the growth of lily of the valley requires the following climatic conditions:
- not too sunny place (in the woods, where there is shade from trees);
- moderately moist soil;
- low enough temperature for flowering species.
lily flowering period occurs at the end of April and May, when the air is not yet warmed up to mid-summer temperatures.Therefore, it can hardly be called thermophilic flower.The ratio of the moisture is not too anxious as well as to the sun.Unpretentious and obedient perennial - lily of the valley.The Red Book contains material on his principal place of growth.They are as follows:
- Caucasus.
- North America.
- Crimea.
- European part of Russia.
- Russian Far East.
- eastern part of Siberia.
- Western Siberia.
- forests and forest-steppe of Europe.
Lily listed as endangered for reasons already known to us.There you can find a description of the conditions in which the plant grows.Basically it is the forest edge, shore rivers, forests and glades, bushes, flowers are sometimes found in the water meadows.
Origin
Where did the lily?Red book on this subject said that both cultural and decorative plant it became known from 1525.However, legends and myths about lily of the valley have much more ancient roots.
This flower belongs to the lily family and is represented by a single genus, includes three species (this classification was introduced in 2013, before the differences in the types was not):
- lily of the valley;
- Keyske lily of the valley;
- lily mountain.
All morphological differences between these types are so insignificant, that the representatives of each of them can hardly be distinguished from each other.As the Red Book of Russia, plant Keyske lily and lily of the valley are most vulnerable, so they are included in it.
Lily mythology
There are many beautiful legends associated with these colors:
Ukrainian legend
A beautiful girl waiting for her lover to return from a military campaign.But he did not come back, and she shed bitter tears, mourning his death.At the spot where her pearly tears dripped, and there were lilies.
German legend
Lilies of the valley - a bead, which scattered the Snow White.They turned into a small flashlight and light the way at night a little gnome.
Ancient Scandinavian legend
Valley - the sacred flower, named in honor of the goddess of the sun.He worshiped his sacrificed to the gods, and in his honor arranged beautiful folk festivals and celebrations.
Russian legend
Princess Volkhov, who lives at the bottom of the dark and the cold sea, fell in love with the handsome swashbuckling Sadko, skillfully play the harp.But the love was unrequited, because I loved the simple Russian Sadko Woman Lyubava.One day Princess Volkhov came ashore and went for a walk through the woods to listen to the game on the harp of her lover, but instead saw the happy lovers: Sadko and Lyubava.Princess wept from unrequited love, resentment and pride.Her tears fell on the ground, turned into a lovely and delicate flowers - lilies of the valley.Since then, they have become a symbol of faith, purity, fidelity and innocence.
There are other beliefs that say about where it came from lily of the valley.Red Book does not mention them, referring only to historical data.
Special components in the plant
Consider the basic components that comprise the lily of the valley.Red Book indicates its special composition, as the plant is considered poisonous.It is not used to feed the birds, but many animals eagerly consume beautiful bright orange-red fruit as a means of internal parasites.
Most of the domestic content in the flowers of lily of the valley occupied by the essential oils.As for the component composition of stems and leaves, it is about 30 glycosides and alkaloids, the most significant of which are konvallatoksin and konvallatoskol.These ingredients are most important in medical applications for humans.
Application plant
There are several areas in which applies lily.Red Book description that gives the following areas:
- decorative area in the human economy.
- Medicine.
- animal feed.
- Perfumes and cosmetics.
fact that the plant is used in the decor, is justified.One has only to look at the lilies of the valley.Photo shows how it is beautiful, neat and lovely white flowers.
Perfume industry uses the essential oils that make up the plant for the production of perfumes, toilet water, fragrances and air fresheners.
medicinal value
In medicine, lily of the valley is also relevant.Red book description on this parameter gives this: lily of the special components manufactured effective heart drops, excessive or improper use can result in serious dire consequences.
In 1881, as a medicinal plant in the corresponding list was introduced lily.The Red Book also for this reason that includes the flower.Scientists Zelenin was isolated extract that can weaken the heart muscle in spasm.Since then, the widely used tincture of lily of the valley and the heart drops.
