solid propellant is a solid substance (mixture of substances) which is able to burn without air and at the same time to allocate a lot of gaseous compounds, heated to a high temperature.Such formulations are used to create jet thrust in the engines of missiles.
propellant is used as an energy source for rocket engines.Further solid fuel, there are more gelatinous, liquid or hybrid counterparts.Each fuel variety there are advantages and disadvantages.Liquid fuels are single-component and two-component (fuel + oxidant).Gelled fuels are formulations thickened to a gel state with organic acids.Hybrid fuel - are systems that include a solid fuel and a liquid oxidizer.
first species of rocket fuel were just solid.The working medium used gunpowder and its analogues, which have been used in the military and to create fireworks.Now, these compounds are used only for the manufacture of small model rockets as a propellant.Composition allows you to start small (up to 0.5 m) launch a few hundred meters in height.Drive them stands a small cylinder.It is stuffed with a mixture of solid fuel, which ignited a hot wire and burn a few seconds.
solid propellant type often consists of an oxidizer, fuel and a catalyst that maintains stable combustion after ignition composition.Initially, the data material powder.To make them into rocket fuel, you need to create a dense and homogeneous mixture that will burn for a long time, smoothly and continuously.The solid rocket motors are used: potassium nitrate as the oxidant, charcoal (carbon), as fuel, and sulfur as the catalyst.This composition of black powder.The second combination of materials that are used as propellants are bertoletova salt, aluminum or magnesium powder and sodium chlorate.This composition is also called white powder.Solid fuel fillers for military rockets fall on ballistite (nitroglycerin compressed powder) and mixtures that are used in the form of channel checkers.
solid rocket motor operates as follows.After ignition fuel begins to burn at a predetermined speed through a nozzle ejecting hot gaseous substance that provides traction.The fuel in the engine off, until the end.So stop the process and it is impossible to turn off the engine until the filler does not burn through.It is one of serious disadvantages of solid fuel engines, in comparison to other analogs.However, in this space of ballistic carriers solid materials are used only at the initial stage of the flight.In the next step, use other types of rocket fuel, so the lack of solid formulations do not present a significant problem.
