the greatest princess in Kievan Rus believe wife Igor Rurikovich - Olga.
Who is the Princess Olga?
According to ancient chronicles, the girl had a peasant background.Due to its positive qualities, and extraordinary wisdom, yet she was a young teenager Note Grand Prince Igor and his chosen wife.It so happened that a fairly long period, the princely couple had no children.This fact contributed to the fact that Olga began to pray to the Christian God, and after a short time the couple appeared heir.Thus, Olga among the pagan people of the first to adopt Christianity, and began to help its spread in Russia.In a sense, the fact of the decision to adopt the Christian faith Olga testified its reasonableness and subtle intellect.Despite this, the husband and son of Olga stayed true to their pagan gods who helped them in battle.Nevertheless, the action of Olga had no small effect on her grandson - Prince Vladimir, who made the baptism of Rus.He also was chosen the Christian religion as a state.
accession to the throne
Princess Olga soon became a widow at the time of the collection of tribute, Igor was brutally murdered by angry Drevlyane.As the heir was still small, the princess herself came to the throne.
The first thing she did - Drevlyane finished with, execution of her husband, sharply suppressed their revolt.Then began a period during which implemented the reform of Princess Olga.During this time there have been structural changes in the system of government.The main task was to prevent Olga future incidents similar to that which has caused the death of her husband.
Innovation and transformation
What reforms carried Princess Olga?First of all, it took a matter of collecting the tribute by setting an ordered system of taxation.Princess Olga has reformed, the purpose of which was the weakening of tribal authorities by strengthening their influence.This event is described in the "Tale of Bygone Years" Nestor "And Olga went with his son and with his retinue of Drevlyane earth, establishing tributes and taxes."Princess Olga reforms began in the year 946.
Tax Reform
An important step was the establishment of so-called "lessons".Princess Olga were fixed clearly defined dimensions of the tribute that had to be paid within certain time limits.Unlike "polyudye", it has become more civilized form of taxation, as a tribute collected only once a year in kind: food, fur, as well as various kinds of products.
value graveyards
This reform was not the end of Princess Olga.An important innovation was the establishment of graveyards.They represent a small centers of princely power.From now on, each administrative district got its churchyard and the encampment, where were collected tribute.Graveyards were also used for trading.Thus, administrative reforms Princess Olga contributed to the creation of the territorial units were under the authority of the governor of the prince and capable to repulse any dissatisfied policies and decrees princess.Later, to the XII century, cemeteries have become centers of management districts.
to the reign of Olga's collection of tribute takes the form polyudye - annual winter detour holdings by the authorities, during which the court with a tax could have been collected twice.Of course, this fact caused discontent and indignation payers.However, with the introduction of graveyards people that brought tribute, the prince received a special seal that saves them from re-collecting the tax.This reform Olga carefully driven, gradually perfecting its mechanism.In the process of implementing the new system, most local princes lost their power and independence of the independent tribes were sharply curtailed.Work carried out by Olga did not receive publicity and rave reviews, but was of great importance in the development of statehood.
Adoption tiuns
The next step was the appointment of tiuns-tax collectors in the churchyard.Until the entry into the Old Russian state Eastern Slavs called tiuns called "cattleman" First of all, the reform showed that there was the development of commodity-money relations.Instead cattle rusichi approved a special form of equivalent resembling metallic money.If
transfer reform of Princess Olga briefly, we can highlight some aspects.This statement lessons, creating graveyards and the appointment of tax collectors-tiuns.Princess Olga during his reign held the first financial reform in Russia.She set a fixed size of tribute and the order of its fees.Meaning of activity of Princess Olga was to rationing duties, the centralization of the Kiev authorities, the weakening of the local (tribal) government.
In other words, the reform of Princess Olga contributed to the tribute, which was collected from the autonomous tribes, replaced by the same fixed tax, which is paid to the entire population.This avoids the likelihood of re-gathering from one payer.
Thus, the reform of Princess Olga finally approved the central government in Kiev, streamlined tax system, have created the administrative division of the state.Later Olga internal policy was praised by the people in the stories and songs.With the introduction of the Christian religion Olga was elevated to the rank of saints and became ravnoapostolskoy preacher.Changes in the social, political and economic, spiritual sphere made it possible to strengthen Russia.Of course, this was an important milestone in the history of the Russian statehood.
