Federal state educational standards .The federal component of the state educational standard

federal state educational standards are a set of specific educational standards.They are mandatory for educational institutions.Next, we analyze in more detail what is needed federal state educational standards.

General

Federal State Requirements standard applies in almost all teaching activities in Russia.Until 2009, the data rules apply slightly different name.It was missing the word "federal".State educational standards apply to institutions with state accreditation.Until 2000, schools had to comply with the minimum content of the level of training of graduates in each degree and specialization.

Background

1 federal state educational standards were adopted in 1992.This occurred with the publication of the relevant law.Article 7 has been completely devoted to the GEF.Federal state educational standard in the original version was adopted by the Supreme Council.In connection with the adoption of the 1993 Constitution was abolished this position.The right to the introduction of the Federal state educational standard was transferred to the executive bodies.The Russian government has determined the order in which the data should have been taken specifications.It should be noted that the Supreme Council for the entire period of eligibility to adopt standards and so they are not approved.According to Edward Dneprova, draft amendments to the law essentially threw it back - to the side of Unitarianism in pedagogy.They excluded such a thing as a "national-regional component."This trend can be traced to the core curriculum, approved in 1993.By 1996 th standardization of education increased markedly.This has caused some resistance on the part of the teaching community.Resentment faculty expressed at that time in the form of strikes and protests.

first edition

In 1992, as already mentioned above, was drafted a bill.The federal component of the state educational standard in accordance with it included five elements:

volume of teaching load (maximum permissible).
requirements for the basic content of the main educational programs.
Availability pedagogical objectives at each stage of learning.
requirements for the level of training of children completing different school levels.
Standards under the terms of the learning process.

Influenced by adherents of subject-methodical approach this edition of deformation undergone by the trade union committee of deputies of the Supreme Soviet.As a result, the federal component of the state educational standard was reduced to a 3-component form:

Mandatory minimum content of commonly used curricula.
maximum allowable load for students.
requirements for the level of training (in this case, since there were also completing primary school).

a result of Art.7 were excluded following points:

target component.
requirements reference content used basic curriculum were replaced by "mandatory minimum" - a standard list of subject themes.
concept of limit load capacity, which, actually, is not equal to the maximum.
requirements to the conditions of the educational process.

Standards IN

Federal state educational standard of higher education mandatory for almost all the universities of the Russian Federation.These include those who have received state accreditation.According to the Federal Law "On the Moscow State University. Lomonosov Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University" and the Federal Law "On Education", Moscow and St. Petersburg universities and colleges with the category "federal" or "national research" and other educational institutions, the list of which is approved by the Decree of the President havethe right to develop and adopt their own educational standards for all levels of BO.This sets the standards can not be lower than the existing ones.

Goals

federal state educational standards are designed to ensure:

Unity pedagogical space of the Russian Federation.
Continuity of the main curriculum for all levels of education.
spiritual and moral education and development.

Federal State Educational Standard sets the period of passage of general and vocational education in accordance with their different forms, teaching methods and techniques, as well as features specific categories of students.

Tasks

Based on standards, which includes federal state educational standards, provides:

organization of educational process in institutions that implement the basic plan in accordance with the regulations, regardless of their subordination and organizational-legal form.
Planning preliminary basic training programs.
Development of educational subjects, literature courses, and test and measurement of the material.
planning regulations on financial support educational activities of educational institutions.These include, in particular, those who carry out the implementation of the federal state educational standards.
control and supervision over compliance with the law.
Conduct interim and final certification.
Building a system for internal monitoring of the quality of education in schools.
Organization of activity teaching groups.
Certification of teaching staff and personnel administration and management of municipal and state educational institutions.
training and retraining, and advanced training.

Structure In accordance with the Federal Law of 1st December 2007, each standard includes three types of requirements:

to the results of the development of a basic training course.
to the conditions under which extends the implementation of the core curriculum, including financial, personnel, logistics and others.
For basic structure of curricula.

The result is that the student should form the professional and general cultural competence.

Application of standards in educational process

implementation of each federal standard educational institution should be carried out on the basic educational program (PLO).It includes schedule, curriculum, working schemes items disciplines, courses and other elements, as well as teaching and assessment materials.

Chronology

Federal State Educational Standard in 2004 was the norm of the first generation to the general level of education.Subsequently, for each level of the educational process approved its regulations.Thus, for primary education (1 to 4 cells.) They were adopted in 2009, for the primary (5-9 cl.) - In 2010.Federal State Educational Standard mid-level (10-11) was approved in 2012. The standards for the professional stage of training the first generation were adopted in 2000.Standards 2nd generation focused on getting students the skills, abilities and knowledge.They claimed since 2005.The standards of the third generation are taken from 2009.According to them, higher education students, as the above mentioned, should develop professional and general cultural skills.

Standards of professional training

Until 2000, the state used a single standard of professional higher education.It was adopted by the Government Decision of 1994.This standard defined:

professional higher education structure and composition of the documents about it.
General regulations on student workload and its volume.
basic rules for compiling the list of specialties (directions).
requirements to basic educational programs of professional higher education, as well as to the conditions of their application.
procedure for planning and approval of standards and the level of the minimum content of training graduates according to specific professions (areas).
rules monitor compliance with requirements of state standards for vocational higher education.

for each specialty (field of study) taken state requirements for the minimum content and level of training of students.

Standards of new generation

from 2013, in accordance with the law governing the teaching activity in the Russian Federation, adopted in 2012, should be approved by the standards of the present time.This provision applies to the curricula of higher education.In particular, this applies particularly to the preparation of scientific and pedagogical staff.In addition, a Federal State Educational Standard preschool level.

Development of standards

It can be carried out in accordance with the levels professions stages, areas of training specialties.Standards of teaching activities can be replaced with new ones at least once every ten years.The federal education standards for general managers are developed in accordance with the levels of the educational process, professional - by function (direction).When forming the latter takes into account the relevant provisions.Development of federal educational standards is carried out based on prospective and actual interests of society, the individual and the country as a whole, its defense and security.This is taken into account and the need for the development of science, culture, technology and engineering, social sphere and economy.Development of the GEF in the procedure established by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.In particular, the work is carried out in accordance with the provisions governing the execution of works and services for municipal or state needs.Standards for professional higher education to develop educational-methodical association of high schools in specific areas (specialties).Drafting sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.It places them on the official web site for further discussion.It is attended by representatives of relevant executive authorities, scientific and educational communities, state and community groups operating in the educational system and other organizations.Further projects are independent evaluation.

Examination

independent evaluation of draft standards is carried out within 14 days of receipt.The examination is conducted:

Institutes for public participation in the management of education, the executive authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation.They carry out an assessment of draft standards for public managers.
employers' associations and organizations that operate in the relevant economic sectors.These structures are assessed projects on standards for higher, secondary and primary vocational education.
the Ministry of Defence and other executive bodies, in which the law provides for military service.They carried out a full examination of standards for general, secondary vocational education in the area that concerns the preparation of citizens to stay in the army.

In accordance with the results of an independent evaluation, a conclusion.It is sent back to the Ministry of Education and Science.Expert opinion shall be signed by the head of an institution, to conduct evaluations, or a person authorized to do so.All the projects, observations and the results of the analysis are discussed by the Board of the Ministry.He decides to recommend them or approval, or to the improvement.Projects and other materials may be rejected.After this, the Ministry of Education and Science takes its own decision as to any other standard.Changes or modifications made in the same manner as, in fact, the very adoption of the regulations.

In conclusion

new Federal State Educational Standard of 2014 came into force on the first of January.The procedure for the adoption of standards in general, subject to regulations on their development and approval.They, in turn, taken at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation.The new standards apply today for pre-school education.They are based on several key principles laid.Thus, the Federal State Educational Standard in 2014 is aimed at:

support diversity, the preservation of value and uniqueness of childhood as one of the most important stages of human development.
humanistic, student-evolving relationship of the adult (a parent or legal representative, the teaching staff or employee of an institution) and child.
implementation of government programs in a form suitable for children each specific age group, primarily in the form of games, research and cognitive activity, creative activity and so on., Providing artistic and aesthetic development.
formation of respect for the child.

objectives of the federal standards following:

raising the status of pre-school education and upbringing.
Ensuring equal opportunities for all children with the quality education.
Saving unity pedagogical space of the Russian Federation in this area.
provision of state guarantees for quality and the level of pre-school education on the basis of the integrity of the mandatory regulatory requirements to the conditions of implementation of curricula, their structure, as well as the results of their development.

new Federal standard of aimed at the following tasks:

promoting and protecting the mental and physical health of the child's emotional well-being.
to ensure equal opportunities for adequate development in the preschool period, regardless of gender, place of residence, language, nation, soc.status, psychophysical and other features (presence of disabilities in particular).
Association of education and training into a single process, the progress of which is carried out on the basis of social, cultural, moral and spiritual values, the accepted rules and norms of behavior in society.
an enabling environment for the development of the child in accordance with his age and the individual inclinations and abilities.
provision of psychological and pedagogical support of the family, as well as raise awareness of the parents or legal representatives in the field of health promotion, protection and education of children.