Two sections of the science of language - syntax and punctuation - always studied together.Simple cases of placement of commas, for example, mandatory comma before A and coordinative conjunctions but usually do not cause trouble.But to isolate the secondary parts of the sentence must be a basic knowledge of syntax.
Secondary members in a number of conditions may be released on both sides by commas, including the circumstance.
circumstances sentence adverbs answer the questions as a sign indicates the action or, less frequently, a sign of sign.However, as circumstances may act not only adverb, but any independent part of speech.
Separation circumstances expressed verbal participle phrases or single gerund, although it has its own quirks, easily digestible students.Availability of gerunds in a sentence - is a kind of signal to the setting point.
Another thing - to clarify the circumstances.Examples of this type to detect more complex: they are not so obvious.
What is the qualifying circumstance?
Clarifying members, as is clear from the term itself, specify the information contained in the proposal:
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all childhood friends (who exactly?), Especially Michael, very dear to me.
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Brown, (what exactly?), Almost coal-black eyes stood out on his pale face.
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ran into the room a little girl (what exactly?), Not older than our son.
Clarification always segregated either commas or dashes.
Separate clarify the fact in most cases, specifies the time and place of action.
If we have to clarify the circumstances of the time, the proposal, in addition to it, should contain generalized information about when the action takes place:
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We left late in the evening (when exactly?) At eleven o'clock.
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At the end of August (when exactly?) Twenty-fifth day, the birth of my only brother.
qualifying circumstance place details, narrows the information on where the event is described in a sentence:
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Andrey lives quite close to us (where exactly?), A five-minute walk away.
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Ahead (where exactly?) In the center of the road, we noticed a huge pit.
often specified geographic names and addresses:
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Last summer we returned from out of town, (where exactly?) From Vladivostok.
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My girlfriend moved to the Oktyabrsky district of the city of Samara (where exactly?) On the street Michurina.
less common course of action to clarify the circumstance:
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soldiers tried to speak as quietly as possible, (how exactly?), Almost in a whisper.
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Perepyolkin listened to me attentively, (how exactly?) With some special respect.
isolates clarifying the circumstances and with different values.
To correct punctuation is important to understand the context of proposals:
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On the square in the city center were artists.(The area is located in the central part of the city)
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In the square, in the city center, were artists.(Artists perform on the square, it is situated in the city center).
clues in isolation is a refinement of the sentence intonation.But to focus only on the semantic pauses in the speech flow is not necessary, it is better to pay attention to the role of syntactic structure and pick her question.
