All living organisms on the planet is divided into cellular and non-cellular, the latter includes only viruses.The first divided into eukaryotes (those cells that have a nucleus) and prokaryotes (no nucleus, the DNA has no additional protection).The latter include the bacteria.A eukaryote is divided into famous kingdoms: animals, fungi, plants.The value of plants in nature is very important.Branch, which studies these organisms is called the nerd.This is a section of a science, biology.The value of plants in our lives and we look at in this article.
How do they differ from other organisms?
To start with, what is the difference between the nature of the kingdom of plants from all the others.First of all it should be noted that they are autotrophic, i.e. themselves to produce organic substances themselves.Plant cells also have some differences with animal cells.It should first be noted that they have a strong cell wall composed of cellulose.In animals, the plasma membrane of cells is soft glycocalyx consisting of carbohydrates.Due to the fact that in a strong cell wall of the cells can not be displayed many unwanted substances, there are vacuoles where they accumulate and.Young cell organelles data more, and they are small.After some time, they merge into one large central vacuole.They also have specific organelles necessary for the synthesis of organic compounds - is chloroplasts.In addition, there are two kinds of plastids - chromoplasts and leucoplasts.The former contain special pigments, which can, for example, to attract pollinating insects to flowers.In leucoplasts also stocking some nutrients primarily starch.
value of plants in nature
The main function of these organisms associated with them autotrophs.The role of plants in nature can not be overstated, as they give us something without which we simply could not exist.No wonder they are called lungs of our planet.The role of plants in nature is connected with the process of photosynthesis by which these organisms obtain nutrients for themselves.This process is the basis of all life on Earth.Also the value of plants in nature is that they are a major source of organic substances for animals whose body itself can not produce them, and the main link in the food chain.Thus, herbivores feed on these organisms, carnivores eat herbivores, and so on. D.
What is photosynthesis?
This process is a chemical reaction in which materials are formed from inorganic organic.For its implementation requires the plant to water and carbon dioxide, as well as solar energy.As a result, the body gets glucose, which is necessary for the life of him, as well as oxygen as a byproduct, which is released outside.It is thanks to the plants we can live on our planet, as if it were not for them, there would not be enough oxygen for the existence of animals.In those prehistoric times, when the life of the world was just beginning to emerge, the level of oxygen in the atmosphere barely reached the figure of one to two percent.Now, thanks to the work of plants for billions of years, the air for twenty-one percent consists of vital animal gas.It is in the nature of plant life experience has allowed the rest of the kingdoms of organisms (except for viruses and bacteria, which occurred much earlier).
Where the process of photosynthesis?
Since we already know that it is the value of plants in nature, then look at it in more detail.
This process occurs in the leaves, namely in the green parts.It participates pigment chlorophyll, which gives plants such coloring, as well as enzymes - natural catalysts that allow the chemical reaction is much faster and without the use of high temperatures.During photosynthesis, are responsible chloroplast organelles that are in leaf cells and downward - stems.
structure of the chloroplast organelle
This refers to those who have a single membrane.Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis.Furthermore, in the matrix of the float ring organelle DNA molecule, in which information is recorded on these proteins.Also there may be starch and lipids.The main components of the chloroplast may be called green, which consist of thylakoids, stacked in a pile.It is concentrated in the thylakoids and the process of photosynthesis.It contains all the necessary chlorophyll and enzymes.
chemical reaction of photosynthesis
It can be written in this equation: 6SO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =.That is, when the plant receives six moles of carbon dioxide and water, it can work out one mole of glucose and six moles of oxygen that are allocated to the atmosphere.
Plant diversity in nature
All plants can be divided into single-celled and multicellular.The former include algae such as Chlamydomonas euglena and others.Multicellular, in turn, are divided into higher and lower.The latter include algae.This is due to the fact that they do not have organs, their bodies are represented by solid thallus, which undifferentiated cells.Algae can be divided into green, blue-green, red and brown.They can be used in industry, eaten both animals and humans.
Higher plants have a great variety of species.First of all there are two major groups - spore and seed.The former include ferns, horsetails, club mosses and mosses.The life cycle of all of them is composed of two different generations: sporophyte and gametophyte.Seed plants are divided into gymnosperms (these include conifers and Ginkgoales sagovnikovye) and angiosperms, or flowering.
Among the latter can also be divided into two groups: monocots and dicots.They differ in the number of cotyledons (as the name implies, there may be two or one).They have some differences in the structure, appearance is often possible to determine what class or that plant.In monocots, fibrous root system, and in bipartite - rod.The first exhibit parallel or arcuate venation leaf, and the second - a mesh or feathery.The former include such families as cereals, Orchids, Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae (subfamily with onion), and so on.. Among dicots can be identified such families: Solanaceae, Rosaceae, cruciferous (Brassica), Magnolia, walnut, beech and many others.All angiosperms have the ability to bloom, so, in addition to its core functions, these plants still operate and aesthetic.
Conclusion After reading this article, it can be concluded that plants play an important role in nature, it is impossible without the existence of life on Earth and us.Therefore it is very important to fight for the preservation of high-grade forests that clean our air and give us necessary for the existence of oxygen.In addition, plants are the basis of animal forage, and if they disappear, then this group of organisms is simply nowhere to take the organic matter.
