Currently, the historical path traversed by mankind is divided into the following segments: Prehistory, History of the Ancient World, the Middle Ages, new, contemporary times.It should be noted that today among scientists who explore the stages of human development, there is no consensus about periodization.Therefore, there are several specific periods, which partly reflects the nature of the disciplines, and the general, iehistorical.
Of special significance for most periodization of archaeological science, which is based on differences in the instruments of labor.
primitive stage of human development era defined by more than 1.5 million years.The basis for its study were the remains of ancient tools, petroglyphs and graves that were identified during archaeological excavations.Anthropology - the science that deals with the restoration of appearance of primitive man.In this time period is the emergence of man, it ends with the emergence of statehood.
During this period are the following stages of human development: anthropogeny (evolution, which ended about 40 thousand. Years ago and led to the emergence of Homo sapiens species) and social genesis (formation of social forms of life).
Ancient History begins its countdown during the emergence of the first states.Periods of humanity expressed in this era are the most mysterious.Ancient civilizations have left monuments and architectural ensembles, samples of monumental art and paintings that have come down to our days.This era refers to the IV-III millennium BCAt this time, there was a split of society into rulers and ruled, on the poor and the wealthy, there was slavery.Slave system reached its apogee in the period of antiquity, when there was a rise of civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome.
Russian and Western science refers to the beginning of the Middle Ages the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which occurred at the end of the fifth century.However, in the encyclopedia "History of Mankind", released by UNESCO, the beginning of this stage is considered to be the moment of the emergence of Islam, which appeared as early as the seventh century.
stage of human development in the Middle Ages are divided into three time periods: early (5 in. - 11 in the middle.), High (mid-11th c. - Late 14th c.), Later (14-16 century) .In some sources civilizationAncient World and the Middle Ages are not delineated in the theoretical framework of the provisions of the "stages of growth" and are regarded as a traditional society, which is based on natural / semi-subsistence farming.
During modern times was the establishment of industrial and capitalist civilization.Stages of human development at this stage is divided into several segments.
first.It originated when the world is undergoing revolution to overthrow the caste system.The first of these occurred in England in 1640 - 1660 years.
second period came after the French Revolution (1789-1794).At this time the rapid growth of colonial empires, the division of labor at the international level.
third period begins in the late 19th century and is characterized by the rapid development of industrial civilization, which is due to the development of new territories.
Recent history and its periodization is currently controversial.However, in its framework are the following stages of the development of mankind.The table is available in textbooks it shows that this era consists of two main periods.The first began in the late 19th century and covers the entire first half of the 20th century - Early Modern History.
great crisis Sovereign rivalry, the destruction of the colonial systems of European countries, the conditions of the Cold War.Qualitative changes have taken place only in the second half of the 20th century, when the development of industrial robots and the proliferation of computers has changed the nature of work.The changes were made and the international sphere, where to place it rivalry cooperation.
