main smelting unit in the steel industry is the open-hearth furnace.It is intended for steelmaking given chemical composition and certain physical and mechanical properties.Open-hearth furnace, has experienced several industrial and technological revolutions, allowing production of the most sophisticated grades of steel, including alloy.
open-hearth melting furnace type is a fiery reflective unit regenerative mode of operation, consisting of the following structural elements:
- Workspace, which includes front and rear walls and a roof.
- heads with vertical channels through which the supply of fuel and air mixture into the working chamber and the removal of its combustion products.
- Gas and air slag chambers for the collection and accumulation of large fractions of the melting of dust.
- regenerators to maintain a constant temperature by heating the gaseous fuel and air mixture heat combustion residues that come from the working chamber.
- system changeover reverse-control valves, designed to change the direction of flow of gaseous fuel and air mixture in the workspace and draw from it the products of combustion.
- HRSG.
- chimney.
Open-hearth furnace is symmetrical unit, which includes the same design it right and left side of the vertical axis.Loading materials produced through special openings - the charging box, lockable latches which represent thick steel plate.On the back wall of the unit is located an outlet through which the finished steel is drained into a bucket.During melting of the outlet plugged caking refractory clay, which knocked the issuance of ready melt.
Open-hearth furnace allows almost all types of carbon steel and alloy steel many brands.But the use of different charge materials required for the open-hearth process, the molten metal fills a significant amount of contaminants.Even a tiny proportion of additives such as sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic and other elements, contribute to drastic deterioration of the physico-chemical properties of the steel, reduce the quality of metal plastic, gives it an excessive fragility.
for smelting high-quality steel grades designed electric arc furnace.The whole history of the development of mechanical engineering and metallurgy reduced to a struggle for the qualitative characteristics of metals, improving their mechanical, physical and chemical properties.And the secret of the highest quality metal lies in its chemical purity.Electrometallurgy helps get chemically pure, which means that high-quality metals and alloys.The majority of high-alloyed steel is melted in electric arc furnaces.
