India in the 19th century, when a small colony of giant England reluctant to yield to complex and contradictory process of Europeanization, as the achievements and benefits of Western civilization bad take root on this earth, as, fortunately, and almost all the shortcomings.The Indians did not take new orders, since very own cherished great culture and traditional way of life.
Conquest
British were in no hurry - almost one hundred years it took them to India in the 19th century, completely deprived of state independence.However, England almost suffered losses since the conquest of the country was conducted hands sepoys - Indian soldiers in the service of the British.
last surrendered Punjab - the state created by the great Maharaja (Prince) Singh.While Maharaj was alive, it stood firmly, and with his death in 1837, the authorities failed to make the same strong hands.The state collapsed and it has become very easy prey for the British.Feudal away from centralized control that and to know India in the 19th century.Map clearly shows how great was the fragmentation of the country.
answer colonization became an uprising that lasted two years (1857-1859), and then the civilized Englishmen fully recouped - people were literally drowned in blood.Again, it took almost a century for independence.Moreover, India in the 19th century after the uprising chosen peaceful ways of struggle, which is unprecedented in recent history.
Features conquest
India in the early 19th century, as any other country, and to know the British conquest.However, all had to adapt to the social and economic life in a new country.Just like the Normans become English or Manchus - the Chinese, the newcomers became part of the people of India.
British as conquerors were very different from all previous ones.Between them and the conquered territories was the real world of difference - as the culture of India in the 19th century different from the culture of England, and the way of life, values, traditions and habits.
British natives openly despised, did not enter into a new world and did not let the Indians in his.Even the most ordinary farmers and workers to settle in India, have been ranked as the highest ruling class.Nothing to do, only hatred is mutual.
British brought capitalism and Western forms of government.In the first case - freedom for operation in the second - control of small feudal principalities under the control of their own colonial administration.
Robbery colony
India in the 19th century was a kind, but extremely rich country.Treasures of Indian Raja continuous stream swam in England.There is a blessing in disguise - this is the caloric makeup nurtured the Industrial Revolution in England.
Initial direct colonial robbery has gradually become legitimate: the East India Company to strip to the skin to taxes.India since ancient times traded with the whole world, is now an Indian goods travel to Europe was not, but by the British - Indian laden shelves.As a result, the whole textile industry of the country has come to naught, artisans out of work.
India's economy in the 19th century is that the population was on the verge of extinction.Thousands and thousands of Indians died of starvation, what in the thirties reported to the governor: "The bones of all weavers dotted plains of India ..." The well-being of England, its prosperity in the 19th century - is entirely the result of a robbery of the people of India.
popular uprising
Disasters masses in India multiply not only from exploitation and abuse.British contemptuous cruelty towards the local population beyond the pale of humanity.When went preparation for forcible conversion of Hindus and Muslims in the Christian faith, conquerors discontent reached a peak.
Now feud engulfed not only poor weavers, but most of the local feudal aristocracy, which has been significantly infringed the rights of the colonial government and subjected to excessive looting.Sepoys - Indian army in the service of the British - also rebelled in May 1857 killing of British officers and captured Delhi.
Thus began a popular uprising that engulfed the whole of North and Central India's extensive part.English only two years later with great difficulty suppressed the rebellion.Feudal India has not been able to snatch victory from the capitalist England.To pacify the country is terrible: a great number of people were tortured and shot.Roadside trees everywhere were gallows.Villages were burned, along with all its inhabitants.After these tragedies relations between India and England are unlikely to ever become cloudless.
Economic development
India in the second half of the nineteenth century to become England markets and sources of raw materials.Finished goods exported from India is so small that they are not worth mentioning, and they were more luxury than necessity.But fully exported: wheat, rice, cotton, jute, tea, indigo.Import of the furniture, products made of silk, wool and leather, kerosene, glass, matches and still long, long list.
main conquest of the British in India - the importation of equity.Loans were given under the draconian interest.Thus it has financed attempts conquest of neighboring countries, such as Afghanistan.These loans are paid, of course, hungry and impoverished Indian peasants.
British capitalists invested in the processing of local raw materials in the construction of railways, the jute industry, plantations of tea, coffee, sugar cane, rubber.
Nevertheless, agriculture was weak so that the country could not even feed myself.Famine and epidemics recurred almost annually.So, from 1851 to 1900 famine in which they died out whole areas, 24 recorded times.Obey the only British landlords and moneylenders - "Dirty Three" as the people called them.
Indian Revival
Endless War and colonial expansion almost killed the great Indian culture: the decline came, and architecture, and painting, all the arts and all crafts.I must say that the English are not fully accepted and did not understand the value of Indian culture, so do not be engaged in increase of its levels.By the care of British India (1947), almost ninety percent of the population was illiterate at all.
However, national culture, as the song "Do not strangle, not kill."That was and India in the 19th century.Coming into contact with Western, Indian culture began a profound transformation.This is especially touched religion.
great educator
father of modern India, as it is called his countrymen, Ram Mohan Roy, a prominent reformer and public figure of the first half and the beginning of the nineteenth century, was the son of a Brahmin.This means that he could spend the rest of his life "in the heavens" - in peace, joy and happiness.But from sweet conversations with the gods, he came down to earth - to sow the seeds of knowledge and take care of the germs of feelings, in the words of Rabindranath Tagore.
