Peter is known to every Russian as the great transformer, who ruled the country from 1689 to 1725.His reforms in the first quarter of the eighteenth century, according to historians, has propelled the country into two, five centuries ahead.For example, Shcherbatov believed that without Peter Russia would have passed this way for two hundred years, and Karamzin believed that the king for twenty-five years has done what others have not done and for six centuries.It should be noted that neither the one nor the other historian had a special sympathy for the rule of Peter the Great, but deny him the importance of reforms and a giant leap in the development of the country they could not.
King himself formed his retinue
Autocrat, sat on the Russian throne, was known for its comprehensive development, which left a significant mark on it, what were the companions of Peter 1. To please the king, you had to be a person gifted, smart, hard-workingas the ruler himself.And Peter the First, I must say, was lucky to colleagues, which he skillfully chose among the different segments of the population and used their talents for the good of the Russian state.
among fellow autocrat came from serfs
Some associates of Peter 1, the list of which is considerable, the king grew together from a young age.It is known that Alexander Danilovich Menshikov was from an ordinary family and worked pirozhenschikom in his early years, when he met with the accident when a young king.Courageous boy like Peter and Aleksashka (as it was then called) became a soldier in the company of amusing and orderly heir.In 1697 Menshikov was sent for training shipbuilding abroad, where he was inseparable from the king.During these years the boy showed those qualities which sought to display their king.He was devoted, diligent observers.Well adopted a rational way of thinking of his master, the high performance and administer affairs with full dedication.Menshikov showed himself as governor Schlusselburg and military operations under the manager at Noteburg.
former pirozhenschik Menshikov successfully commanded a regiment
showed himself a close associate of Peter 1 in other arenas.It is known that he organized a search for ores of the Baltic plant when needed to cast cannon.In 1703, together with Peter Menshikov was developing a plan to clean up the mouth of the Neva River from the enemy.The 1704th Alexander Danilovich had a brilliant operation to take Narva, and by this time he was no longer a servant, but a great friend and colleague of the Russian emperor.His achievements were marked autocrat in 1706, when former pirozhenschik received the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.The Grand Duke is now, however, remained the same temperamental, energetic, adventurous person and personally participated in some battles.For example, under the Perevolognoy his dragoons captured 16.2 thousand of the enemy.
Alexander Menshikov, a close associate of Peter 1, was actively involved in the building of the northern capital, and in 1712 commanded the Russian troops in Pomerania, which won another victory.After that, a favorite of the king in military operations did not participate due to unhealthy lungs.In the civil service, he showed himself no less effectively performing the duties of the governor of the capital's land, senator and president of the Military Collegium.In addition, Menshikov performed numerous personal errands autocrat, including in respect of children of the king.
old Russian tradition: they steal everything!
favorite, who, according to some estimates, up to the end of his days was illiterate, no different than the rest of the companions of Peter 1, participated in the investigation of Tsarevich Alexei and personally compiled a list of the persons who signed the prince death sentence.After these things, Menshikov became especially close with Peter, who punished him greatly for embezzlement (total stolen was huge - 1,581,519 rubles).Under Peter the Second Menshikov fell into disgrace, he was deprived of all ranks and titles and sent to Ranienburg, then in the birches, where he died in 1729, having gone through their king for four years.But before that, from 1725 till 1727 th, during the reign of Catherine, the wife of the deceased king, he was virtually the uncrowned ruler of the richest empires of the time.
From Lithuania swineherds Senate
which characters historians still refer to the followers of Peter 1?This list can start with the prince Romodanovsky.Also, you can include Prince Golitsyn, graphs Golovin, Prince Dolgoruky J. Baron P. Shafirov, Baron Osterman, BK Minich, Tatishchev, Neplyuev, Lefort, Gordon T. Streshneva, A. Makarov,YV Bruce P. Apraksin, B. Sheremetyev, P. Tolstoy.Like the people he recruited Peter everywhere and included in the command.For example, it is believed that the general police chief of St. Petersburg, Devier was a cabin boy on a Portuguese ship Yaguzhinskii, as indicated by some of the facts before the prime of his career as procurator-general of the Senate was a swineherd in Lithuania.Kurbatov, the inventor of the stamp paper and the Vice-Governor of Arkhangelsk, went out of the serfs, and so on.And all this "motley" company which associates accounted for 1 Peter, took away the powers of the old boyars.
conflicts between well-born king and rootless assistants were
Although among the assistants of the great autocrat were people with more than an outstanding pedigree.For example, Boris Sheremetev was a noble family, served stolnik received boyar title and worked in the embassy at the Princess Sophia.After its overthrow, he was forgotten for many years.However, during the Azov campaigns king needed talent as a military leader Sheremeteva and Boris assigned to it justify the hopes.Then Sheremetev perfectly executed mission in Austria and Rzeczpospolita and for the king liked pretty good and quick training Western style in dress and behavior.
Many followers of Peter 1 participated in the military campaigns of their king.Not spared this fate and Boris Sheremetev.His leadership talent manifested itself in 1701 when he defeated the Swedes group of 21 000 people, while the dead Russian lost only nine men.In 1702 Sheremetev captured East Livonia, in 1703 took the castle nut, and that his victory and the proximity to the king ended as Peter Sheremetev considered too slow, too prudent, but recognizing that it is the soldiers to their deaths for nothing will not send.Sheremetev as a born aristocrat, sickened simple behavior of the king and the rest of the company, nerodovityh favorites.Therefore, the relationship of the king and the field marshal were more formal.
descendant of the kings of England in the service of Peter the
special love among the Russian elite and among ordinary people and among foreigners of the king's entourage who arrived from Scotland earned an associate of Peter 1. Gordon Patrick (in Russia - Petro) was not a simplekind, as a straight line of his genes he went back to the king of England, Charles II.He finished Datsigskuyu Brausborskuyu college, served in the Swedish army, was captured by the Poles, where, noted the ambassador in Warsaw Leontiev, was transferred to serve in Russia, which has worked well in the army and was promoted to lieutenant-general, was appointed to an administrative positionin Kiev.
Then Gordon incurred the displeasure of Prince Golitsyn, was demoted, but later restored to the rank and appointed commander of the Butyrka Regiment.In 1687, young Peter spent the first review of the military unit and was filled with sympathy for foreigners who have strengthened in 1689, during the events that led to the ouster Sophia from the board.After Trinity hike general, associate of Peter 1, Patrick Gordon became a teacher in military autocrat.He does not give him the full theoretical education, but it is a lot of conversations, supported by practical action.In 1695-1696 gg.Gordon took part in the siege of Azov, in 1696 with the help of suppressed uprising musketeers.He died this respected man in his time in 1699, and not finding major reforms in the Russian army.Note that the rank of Field Marshal when Peter had his associates such as YV Bruce, AD Menshikov, BK Munnich, BP Sheremetev.
He founded the area of modern Moscow
Admiral, associate of Peter 1, Franz Lefort died as Gordon, in 1699, a 43-year life.He came from a wealthy family, was born in Geneva.In Russia, he arrived in 1675, because here he promised the rank of captain.Successful career Lefort contributed his marriage to a cousin of his first wife P. Gordon.He participated in the wars with the Tatars on the Little Russian Ukraine, in both the Crimean campaigns, during the reign of Sophia enjoyed the location of Prince Golitsyn.Since 1690 Lefort as a charming man, a sharp mind, featuring courage, was seen by Peter the Great and became a good friend to him, advancing in Russia among the European culture.In Moscow, he founded Lefortovo Sloboda, accompanied the king to travel to the White Sea, Pereyaslavskoe lake.He also participated in the idea of the Great Embassy of Russia in the European powers, which is headed.
Grigory Potemkin was never associate of Peter the Great
Some inhabitants believe that an associate of Peter 1, Grigory Potemkin, made a great contribution to the development of the Russian state.On the role of Potemkin in this process we can argue for a long time, but be aware that it could not be associate of Peter the Great in his deeds as born in 1739, fourteen years after the death of the autocrat.Therefore Potemkin activity occurs during the reign of Catherine II, a favorite of which was this statesman.
