These signs are designed for visual perception of information, ensures safety in various spheres of human activity.
interpretation of the concept
safety mark is a color image corresponding to the geometric shape, which serves as a warning to people about right (potential) danger.It prohibits, requires or permits the action, and also acts as a carrier of information about finding objects, tools, the use of which eliminates, reduces the influence of dangerous, harmful factors.
types considered signs
are four:
- Main .They carry an unambiguous expression of meaning complex requirements for security.These signs are used on their own or as part of group, combined.
- more. they contain an explanatory label, and they are always used in conjunction with the main.
- Group .They contain a single rectangular block 2 and a main plate with explanatory inscriptions.These signs are intended to outline a number of complex requirements with respect to security measures.
- Combined .They are rectangular and contain and the main sign, and with an additional explaining inscription.
Basic Safety Signs
They are as follows:
- prohibiting (a graphic image in black on a white background with a red border);
- fire safety (graphical depiction of white on a red background with a white rim);
- evacuation, medical and sanitary purposes (graphic image white on a green background);
- warning (a graphic image in black on a yellow background with black edges);
- prescribing (a graphic representation of white on a blue background with a white rim);
- index (graphic image white on a blue background with a white rim).
Signal colors and safety signs
For convenience, information is presented in tabular form.
| Signal color | Contrast color | Meaning of | Scope |
| Blue | White | Note | permit specific actions |
| injunction to evade danger | requirement set mandatory actions to ensure the safety | ||
| Green | White | Salvation help | Identification kits, cabinets, escape routes, means to provide first aid |
| safe working conditions, safety | Reporting normal process technology, equipment | ||
| Yellow | Black | Alleged danger | warning of the potential danger |
| designation possible dangerous situation | |||
| Red | White | means of fire protection, fire fighting equipment | Definition, marking the locations of the special fire fighting equipment, elements, fire protection |
| emergency, dangerous situation | Certificate of disrepair process technology, equipment | ||
| immediate danger | Designation specific hazard | ||
| Prohibition of dangerous actions, behavior |
main criterion for choosing the size of the sign
He is away.It should be such that an observer could discern the safety mark.The value of this criterion, as well as the height of the character (font explanatory inscriptions) are intertwined by a certain ratio, depending on the degree of illumination of the sign surface.
The average size of all the main characters in normal lighting
They are presented to the required distance for the follow-up of 20 meters.For convenience, information grouped in the table.
| distance observation, m | The average size of all the main safety signs | ||||
| Warning | prohibitory, mandatory | Pointing, medical and health purposes, evacuationfire safety | |||
| triangle | circle | rectangle | square | ||
| Side length B, mm | diameter D, mm | length partiesA, mm | Side length B, mm | length side A, mm | |
| 1 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 |
50 |
| 2 | 100 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 |
| 3 | 100 |
100 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
| 4 | 150 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
| 5 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 300 | 150 |
| 6 | 200 | 150 |
150 | 300 | 150 |
| 7-8 | 250 | 200 | 200 | 400 | 200 |
| 9-10 | 300 | 250 | 250 | 500 | 250 |
| 11-12 | 400 | 300 | 300 | 600 | 300 |
| 13-14 | 450 | 350 | 350 | 700 | 350 |
| 15-16 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 800 | 400 |
| 17-18 | 550 |
450 | 450 | 900 | 450 |
| 19-20 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 1000 | 500 |
Material of safety signs
According to the National Standards, they may be unlighted, photoluminescent, retroreflective.
- unlighted safety mark is used under normal natural (artificial) light.Such signs are susceptible to the human eye, even with ambient light.In the case of low light are not used, as in the twilight, these signs are hardly distinguishable.
- retroreflective safety mark, as a rule, used in very low light.But it must be present near any source of light, which will be formed by the effect of retroreflectivity.In the case where the source along with the observer is on the same line, a sign shines brightly, but all the surrounding objects look dim.
- Photoluminescent safety signs (GOST) used for dark rooms, as well as for use in emergency situations blackouts.They are made using a phosphor pigment, which absorbs light capable of emitting its own in the dark for 8 hours.
worth noting that under normal light reflective, photoluminescent signs are the usual unlighted.Disclosure of their identity occurs only under certain conditions.According to GOST 12.1.007-76 photoluminescent materials refer to 3rd, 4th class of danger, since they do not contain radioactive elements, and they do not harm the health of workers.
Signs
them as shields, columns of different shapes, colors, containing symbols, signs, used in specific locations.
are the following markings:
- Permanent : shields "Explorer", "Border Station", "The beginning (end) of a dangerous place," limiting bars, mark "C", which means submission whistle "Start (end)push "and so on.
- On electrified areas (blue square boards with upward facing angle containing symbols of safety): "Turn off the current" - he set about neutral inserts sections of contact network.The driver passes them must disable current.Behind the sign is a permanent neutral - "Turn by electric current (electric)."
- to plow : «Raise knife and close the wings", it is set in the winter time in front of the obstacles encountered on the way, does not permit the passage of the snow thrower.Behind them is placed the sign "Lower the knife and open the wings," which enables the plow.
and warning signs, and safety signs carry the information to warn people from danger.
considered signs of OSH
subspecies prohibiting - signs to the safety rules for the protection of labor.They are labeled dangerous devices, locations, they point to the inability to use the mechanisms of premises without special protection equipment.These signs are the kind of reminder of security for employees.In their absence, immediately followed by a serious penalty.
Symbols Safety - an important design element, is not responsible for the profitability, and for human life.In this regard, for the enterprise, shop, hairdressing salon, shopping center in law requires their installation.
Environmental labeling
Banks with paints often labeled.Signs of environmental safety are used to facilitate the search for a buyer of safe health products, they show a minimum of harm to the environment.
The following criteria for the assignment of such marks:
- level of product safety for health and the environment on the basis of the content of volatile hydrocarbons (aromatic), organic compounds, titanium dioxide, functional additives.
- Absence of some substances in the production of, for example, containing cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, methyl esters, diethylene glycol, and other hazardous substances.Safety
- depending on concentration of hazardous waste, the amount of emissions to the atmosphere during production.
environmental seal, along with the water-dispersion paints, are assigned also to the means that contain organic solvents.
Today there are more than 30 such signs, it is worth a closer look at some:
- «Blue Angel." It is used since 1978 in Germany.This symbol - the most famous in the world.If the product is labeled them, then it follows that it meets the strict environmental criteria.He is assigned to only the most harmless materials.
- «Nordic Swan» .He advocates eco-label of the Nordic countries.This sign is also one of the most famous in the world."Nordic Swan" was introduced in 1989, NCM To date in taking part in the certification of the right to possess this sign, countries such as Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland.This mark indicates compliance to strict environmental standards of the manufacturing process, operation.
- «Ekotsvetok» - ecological character of Europe.This criterion of environmentally friendly materials for EU states.
- «Vitality Leaf» .This system of voluntary certification (environmental) has been implemented, "St. Petersburg Ecological Union" (non-profit partnership) in 2001. This eco-label is recognized by the international community, it has a consistency with the principles of such standard as ISO 14024, as well as international experience in the field of voluntary certificationecology.In 2007, the Union adopted in the above GEN (Global Ecolabelling Network).
- 5. Symbol concentration of VOCs in paints. Currently there is no single character, but most businesses use developed by B & amp; Q.Depending on the content of VOC coatings is assigned to 1 of 5 of the following labels:
- minimal (up 0.29%);
- low (0.30 - 7.99%);
- average (8 - 24.99%);
- high (25 - 50%);
- very high (over 50%).
- «green sign» .He advocates eco-labeling in the United States.This symbol is also consistent with the principles of ISO 14024. It means the minimum adverse effects on human health and the environment.
SDA children
to ensure children's safety every child should be taught traffic rules, behavior in the street.This can help to play a form of presentation of knowledge.Today, there are a large number of auxiliary materials on this topic: children's cartoons, books with funny pictures, games, nursery rhymes.
Signs of safety for children is easier to remember when they are in pictures or described in rhymes.This is a good support for the rapid development of the SDA.As a result, parents will worry about the safety of their children.
Conclusion This article examined the signal color, markings and safety signs, as well as the average sizes are presented last, did the material for their manufacture, and more.
