Despite the fact that the concept of "related words" children begin to learn in the first grade high school students do not feel very confident, completing tasks on the selection of related words.
Why?
I'm sure trouble is shaky knowledge of the composition of words and lack of vocabulary students.
I propose an algorithm using which students can quickly select cognates to any part of speech.
first define what is called cognates.Related words - it is close to the value of the tokens (words) from the same root, but different prefixes and suffixes.
Example: race - a relative - a geek - relatives - to give birth - Maternity - generic.
All words are similar in meaning, have the same root - relatives.
remember: words that differ only in the endings are not related.It is a form of speech.Example: table - the table - the table (the end points to different cases a single word).
should be borne in mind that etymologically related words today may differ significantly in meaning.Examples: space - cosmetics, a veteran and a veterinarian, a long and genuine.If the etymological meaning of the words is difficult, you need to turn to etymological dictionary.
Now learn to identify and select the related words.
- Change the word to find its footing.Dining room: dining room, the dining room, no dining room.The basis of the word will stolov-
- Determine, from which formed the basis of this.The word "room" - an adjective derived from the noun table.
- Adding to the root suffixes and prefixes to form cognates:
table - the throne -STOLik - feast - countertops.
sometimes difficult to determine which is the common root for related words.To define it, so doing.
- Change the word to define its foundation: gathering: no rallies, talk about the gathering.The basis of similarity.
- We try to change the start and end of the word: go - go, gangway, walker, come and go, comes.The root is -hod-.
Now a little theory: in Russian cognates can be formed by such methods:
- prefixed (platformers) world - re + mirie, move - move of +.
- suffix: the world - the world of ca + world + yang, + a marketing world.
- prefixed suffixal: peace - peace at + + ix, course - of + course + indeed created.
- Postaffixal: some - some, some, some.In this case, the related word forms a suffix that is attached to the whole word.
- Finger: highly paid - highly paid, fast instant - instant.
- truncated: expert - special computer - a computer.
- abbreviated: the Russian Federation - the Russian Federation, an ATM - ATM.
- addition.There are several options.Can develop whole words (bed-sofa, chair bed), parts (boat, airplane), or part of a word with a (milk tanker, cement).
Forming related words, we should not lose sight of homonyms: the phenomenon, when the roots of words, with a completely different meaning, sound and spelled the same.So a series of words: vodka, water, water - is not related to another row, the driver - the wiring - wires.
