industrial buildings and residential buildings must be equipped with special-purpose designs to ensure fire safety in them.Stationary outdoor stairs that must be kept in good condition, used to secure and consolidated entering the building fire and rescue teams in the event of fire or smoke, inside the evacuation of staff and people.Test fire ladders and fencing is an integral part of ensuring proper state of the equipment, as they are often used not only as fire protection, but also as a tool that allows you to perform various technical maintenance work on the building.
main types of external fire escapes
Fire escapes are designed in accordance with the established standards and EU standards.The main requirement is outdoor seating design.Each construction site must have a ladder open or closed.
them are the following types:
- vertical ladder , consisting of two parallel vertical beams connected stages.Located on the buildings, the height of which does not exceed 20 meters.One variety of vertical spiral staircase is where the stage and have a wedge-shaped ends abut one bearing support member - pole, located inside.Spiral staircases are to carry out technical work or a pass to the site of the fire, but not for the evacuation.
- Open staircases , consisting of one or more of the marches (depending on the height of buildings) and sites, which are located between them.Depending on the number of flight of stairs can be divided into one, two or mnogomarshevye.They are installed on buildings higher than 20 meters.The angle marches may vary depending on a profile of use of the building, the operating conditions, the number of floors.
Trial exterior fire escapes is almost the only condition that can support the structure in good condition.
Area fire escape
Outdoor fire escape to bring people out of the building and for fire prevention measures should be placed on the facade of the building.Also, the stairs can be positioned on the roofs of buildings, unless there is a height difference of the roof has more than 1 meter.
That includes service tests ladder
Inspection and testing of ladders can conduct company to receive a license to conduct this type of work.Employees must have the special tools to measure the loads, proven equipment and skilled workers.
certification service includes:
- departure of experts on the subject with all the necessary equipment;
- compliance check accommodation ladders;
- visual inspection to detect defects in or on the quality of anti-corrosion coatings, the integrity of welded joints;
- dynamic testing sites stairs strength with the help of specialized equipment;
- drafting reporting documents on the results of the test, the test report that includes fire escapes, damage report with recommendations to eliminate the defects, if any, have been discovered, the table of photo.
Frequency of testing
Fire stairs any type of device are durable.Shelf life is extended for decades.But due to normal wear and tear of the material structures can lose their properties and lead to irreparable consequences in the most crucial moment.
first test of fire escape should be carried out at the time of putting the construction into operation.In a subsequent regular examination in accordance with GOST R53254-2009 should be conducted every five years.The frequency of testing fire escapes meets the standards of national importance and should be respected by all organizations and enterprises.Annually, a visual inspection should be made of structural integrity in order to detect cracks, chips, corrosion damage.
If the scan detects defects or destruction of elements of design, they are necessarily removed, and then held an unscheduled test of the strength of the fire escape.In this case, the frequency of inspection will run from the new term.
Features certification exterior fire escapes
Trial exterior fire escapes must demonstrate that the structure can withstand the weight of the fire brigade.For the certification of certified used special equipment, which is a simple design which nevertheless good at determining the suitability for use of stairs, or loads.
Installation test fire ladders Type TC-46 is the main device for this kind of work.It consists of a manual installation of the machine and the measuring device that produces a force which is applied to the components of the stairs at certain points.When checking the loaded:
- middle stages;
- point elements fences ladders;
- any point fence roof;
- central part of the passage of the march inclined structures.
Marsh inclined ladders must withstand at least 750-800 kilograms of perpendicular component.Vertical stage must support the weight of not less than 180 kilograms, which is applied to the middle of the stairs for 2-3 minutes.In accordance with regulatory requirements should be checked every fifth stage.
test fire ladders and fencing involves checking horizontal loads.They are applied to the protections of ladders vertical type railing on platforms entering the roof and fence around the perimeter of the roof.These areas must withstand a load corresponding to 50 kilograms.Check In installation type winch that by pulling the rope through the hand winch create the right effort, fixed dynamometer.
When checking retractable outdoor fire escape design tested for strength and extension system checked.The inspection ensures that the appointment and fixing of the tribes held smoothly, without jerks and jamming.Shift knees ladders should occur under its own weight.Locking devices ladders must hold it at any height.Hooks fixing devices must be meshed with the steps of the knee.
To test the strength of the ladder is fully extended, and it is also in using the familiar equipment applied various efforts.In each position with the weight the ladder is held for a few minutes.All data entered in the act, which describes when, where and by whom the test was performed fire escapes.A sample of the act can be seen below.
Visual inspection
dynamic test fire escape is the main but not the only way to certification ladder design during its manufacture, installation and commissioning.Be sure to design should be carefully examined: the individual seams around the perimeter of the compound, the color and quality, the lack of chips, cavities, burn-through.Such defects can be masked paint, which can lead to poor startup structure.
Check connections to the wall
Testing fire escapes necessarily involves splicing and testing of the wall.Beam of suspension shall not be longer than 30 centimeters from the contact point on the wall to the attachment point of the vertical beam.The distance between the locking beams is not established, but it should not be less than one meter, depending on the bump wall.Beams are tested for compliance with both steep and perpendicular loads.If the primary installation checked every single bar.Every fifth beam is checked at periodic inspection every five years.
Terms of attestation
As already mentioned, the test of fire escape is conducted by certified and licensed firms.This must be met certain conditions, safety and regulatory framework.
place of work before the test should be fenced and indicated by warning signs.Certification can only be conducted during daylight hours in calm weather (maximum wind speed - 10 meters per second).The air temperature must be above +5 ° C.
Test results
If the tests identified defects or shortcomings, and testing found permanent deformation, such a design does not pass certification and put into operation it is impossible.
Stairs, successfully passed all the tests, receive special labels or tags with the information showing the date and nature of the investigation.Requirements to the plate there are no, the organization may issue their own at its discretion, taking into account climatic conditions.
information about the object that did not pass the certification, not only recorded in the minutes, but necessarily communicated to the firehouse, which is the object.
