fuel industry (TA) - a mining and processing of energy resources.It includes gas, coal, oil, peat industry.The fuel industry is one of the main branches of heavy industry.
development of the fuel industry of the country depends on what natural resources it has.For example, the Russian fuel industry operates primarily on the basis of the gas and oil industry.In Ukraine, the main fuel resource is coal.Fuel industry Belarus is developing due to the extraction and processing of peat.It is also used by other types of fuel, but in this article we will discuss in more detail only the principal.
fuel industry in Russia consists of three main branches.This oil, gas and coal industries.
The oil industry is the leading sector of fuel and energy complex.At the global level, Russia has the second largest oil production and refining, and the first reserves and gas production.The main oil-producing countries are the bases of the West Siberian (70% of all crude oil) and the Volga-Urals (20%).Approximately half of the total oil exported in the form of petroleum products to neighboring countries.Since the transportation of oil - the process is not cheap, for the transmission of raw materials over long distances was built pipeline, the duration of which 48 thousand. Km.
main part of the Russian gas industry focused on the basis of Orenburg, Astrakhan and in the West Siberian fields.According to some estimates reconnaissance specialists in the camp could be another major gas production base - in the fields of Sakhalin and Yakutia.For transportation of gas pipelines are used, the total length - about 150 thousand. Km.
After the discovery of oil and gas fields to use coal as a fuel has dropped significantly.If in 50 years the share of the coal industry accounted for 60% of the fuel industry of the country, today this figure has dropped to 11%.This rapid decline is due not only to the global popularity of oil and gas.Extraction of coal, oddly enough, requires much their increased material and physical costs.This mining and equipment, which now needs to be upgraded, and the quality of the extracted raw materials.In some cases, the cost may exceed the income.The easiest and cheapest way is the coal mining in quarries (open).Approximately 2/3 of the total coal produced in the country is extracted in this way.Opencast mining only in the eastern regions of the country.
fuel industry world
world energy industry also focuses on oil, gas and coal industries.Oil production and processing involved 75 countries.The leading country is Saudi Arabia.In second place Russia and then the United States, Mexico, UAE, etc.
gas industry developed in 60 countries.In this industry, Russia in the first place, on the second - the United States, then - Canada, Turkmenistan, etc.
coal industry world today develops slowly, as oil and gas almost ousted her from the world market.Coal is mostly consumed by the countries in which it and extract.Exports still only 10%.
According to specialists, coal reserves sufficient for about another 240 years, while the gas - only 65, and the oil - for 50 years.On this basis, it is safe to say that after some time, the use of coal as a fuel will again occupy a leading position in the global fuel industry.
