What is the proper name?How does it differ from other names?To answer this question, we have to dive into the history of the language.
concept of "name" in the Russian language refers to the part of the speech, which is used for the name of someone or something.It is necessary to designate an object or a person in the event of such a number.Typically, in our language for that use conventional or substantivized nouns.Proper name and common name may be indicated by words, who are referred from other parts of speech.For example, in the phrase "bathroom" is the first word is an adjective, as in the construction of "go to the bathroom" - substantivized noun.
noun - is the part of speech (remarkable, self), the purpose of which is the name of an object, a person object.This can be called a meaningful token animate or inanimate objects.The noun can also be own or nominal.Table, field, box, cow, shadow - nouns are common nouns.Basil, Rostov, Petrovich - nouns denoting a proper name.In their study of the specialized branch of science called onomastics.
Proper nouns - the category of very extensive.
These include:
- Names of people (Irina, Nikolai Lvov, Marivanna (colloquial.), P.).
- names of gods (Zeus, Quetzalcoatl).
- Nicknames animals (Beetle, Muska).
- Geographical names (Vladivostok, the Red Sea, Antarctica).
- Titles of books, songs, art, etc.("Hot Snow", "Anna Karenina", "Mona Lisa", "Swan fidelity").
This classification usually ends with the information that students receive about the concept of "proper name".A deeper study allows you to divide this category on:
- personal names - those that are given to man after his birth (Lydia, Peter).
- patronymic (patronymic) (V., S.).
- family names or generic (they include the names).
- cryptonyms.Some peoples made to hide the real name, and the other person to call (to trick the evil spirits).This will cryptonym.
- Anthroponyms name or literary works.
- eponyms.It is to this category would apply a proper name, assigned geographic area after a real hero or a mythological deity.For example: Athens, Byzantium, Thebes, etc.
proper name, denoting the name of the (geographical), commonly referred to as place-name, and the science that studies such nouns - toponymy.
Place names can be also divided into categories.This is necessary for a more thorough study them.
Among toponyms release:
- settlement names or names of localities.And the names of the towns referred to astionimam and villages, villages and smaller formations - to komonimam.Lviv, Bataisk, Sinegorye - astionimy.Kryachko (village), Red (farm), fun (village) - komonimy.
- hydronyms To include the name of reservoirs: the Volga, the Black Sea, stream, etc. Blasting.
- Names of mountains belong to oronyms: Ural, Qomolangma, the Carpathians.
- Urbanoidy (include name of city): Pentagon (the popular name of the shopping center in Rostov. Was due to the architectural similarities with the same name the organization).
- Agoronimy (name space): Red, Theatre and godonimy (street names): Shevchenko Communist.
- names of Railways referred to dromonimam: SKZHD, the BAM, the Silk Road.
- Names large uninhabited spaces called horonimami and small - microtoponyms.
There is a detailed classification, and other words that we call the "proper name".For example, the names of aircraft ("Ruslan", "Antey", "Black Shark") termed "aeronautonimy."
detailed classification of nouns to study Philology.
