modern Russian language is rich in a variety of words, concepts and terms.In this article I want to talk about what is prevention: what kinds of it exist, what are the measures and methods.On the concept of
First and foremost, of course, it is necessary to determine the most important concept that is used in this article.Thus, prevention - is a complex of various events that are aimed at preventing problems or events before they happen, or is it to prevent various kinds of risk factors with respect to the same issues.
Levels
So, we understand that prevention - a complex of measures aimed at overcoming the problems which have not yet been developed or is in its infancy.However, considering this subject, it is worth to mention the fact that there are also different levels of it.
- State.In this case, preventive measures prescribed at the highest levels of government, it is certain legislative measures aimed at improving the health or welfare (depending on species) population.
- public (or of the staff) - lower level.Preventive measures are aimed at a particular group of people.
- family level.Preventive measures concerning members of the same family.
- individual or personal.In this case, prevention concerns the individual.
Destinations
Also worth mentioning, and that prevention activities can be carried out in different directions.For them, there are several:
- Behavioral direction.As an example: the prevention of deviant behavior, crime and so on. D.
- Sanitary.This region hygiene and medicine.
- functional-biological (eg, fire safety).
- Therapeutic.
According to these four areas, and hosts a variety of preventive measures.
Types prevention
So, what are the types of prevention?According to one classification, of which there are two:
- personal, t. E. The individual, directed at one individual.
- public when preventive measures apply to a group of people, society, or all residents of the same country.
Other group types of preventive measures can occur depending on the area of action.
- medical prevention.
- Social.
- Fire.
- crime and so on. D.
such subspecies can be a huge number, they should be regarded as separate and not together in one tandem.
Tasks
So consider further the basics of prevention.It is worth paying attention to the challenges posed in front of this kind of preventive work.
- holding various complexes and prevention measures.
- use innovative forms in various fields to improve preventative measures.
- Building awareness among the people need periodic preventive measures on one issue or another (be it medicine, firefighting industry or the social sphere of life).
principles
understand what prevention - a complex of preventive measures, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles that are used in creating prevention programs at various levels.
- systems principle.Drawing up prevention programs based on periodic analysis of the problem.
- strategic principle of integrity.Unified strategy of prevention activities on a particular issue.
- principle multidimensional.The combination in the prevention aspect of personal, behavioral, and so on. D.
- principle situational.Compliance with preventive real requirements.
- principle of solidarity.Assistance and help in carrying out prevention among organizations at different levels.
- principle of legitimacy.Based on the adoption of methods of prevention people for whom these methods are designed.
- principle of maximum differentiation and polymodality.The use of several parallel methods of prevention, their relationship, flexibility and so on. D.
about medical prevention
should say that, probably, the most common at the state level in our country is health prevention.In this area of knowledge are three types:
- Primary prevention.It is a system of measures aimed at identifying the causes of disease, and removing them.The main purpose of these methods: activation of the organism to resist the effects of negative factors.
- secondary.This is a set of activities is of a defensive nature: identification and prevention of relapse, the progression of the pathological process, and so on. D.
- Tertiary.It is an element of secondary prevention, which is not always highlighted in a separate paragraph.This may be the rehabilitation of patients, the disabled, who lost the opportunity for a full life.
On Principles Regarding the levels of prevention, they have the following very important principles:
- continuity.
- differentiated.
- Mass.
- comprehensive preventive measures.
- And, of course, scientific.
It is said that the activities of medical prevention may be different, starting with the hygiene procedures (prevention of worms or poisoning) prior to vaccination (prevention of major diseases that can be avoided by introducing a small amount of virus in the human body for review bodythem develop a protective mechanism in the event of an epidemic).
Fire prevention
There is also the concept of "fire prevention".It is a complex of various measures aimed at the prevention of fire situations.It is said that this kind of preventive action is not only employees of MES, they are needed in the construction of buildings during the construction of all types (both residential and non-residential premises), planning and development in both urban and rural areas.Measures for the prevention of fires may be as follows:
- not only control, but also the development and implementation of fire safety rules.
- Maintain the layout and design of objects based on their flammability.
- Content in a proper manner and improved fire system.
- Regular examinations by specialists of various companies for compliance with fire safety regulations and the readiness of fire systems to provide rapid response.
- Propaganda fire and technical knowledge among the people in enterprises, schools and so on. D.
On Social Prevention
It should be said that there is also another kind - social prevention.It is a system of measures aimed at the prevention, containment and elimination of certain negative phenomena in society.There are specific measures of this type of preventive action.They are divided into:
- general (designed for a large number of people: the improvement of working conditions, prevention and deviant behavior among teenagers, and so on. D.);
- special (these measures are aimed at a particular group of people who are at risk in this issue, for example, difficult teenagers in the prevention of crime);
- individual measures (work is aimed at individuals who are in the same risk as in the paragraph above).
This prevention techniques are used at different levels: personal, family, social, national.
Highlights
deserves special attention as social prevention in terms of its special moments.Why is it necessary?
- in society every day there are so many different stressful situations.If they do not resolve, they accumulate and grow into a huge problem.Preventive measures are able to kill the developing bud "contagion" and rid society of parsing the effects of this condition.
- Yet the main purpose - not to respond to emerging problems, and not to prevent it.This requires a deep analysis of social relations in a certain period of time and according to the specific situation in the country (the crisis, martial law, and so on. D.).
- Prevention methods are designed to teach people new skills to specific knowledge for their own purposes, or maintaining health.
- prevention services designed to find optimal ways to both prevent problems and to solve them.
social prevention at the state level
Preventive measures are important to correctly carry out at every level.However, special attention should be paid state social prevention, which is carried out through various measures: the economic, socio-political, socio-cultural, legal.The measures that are applied at the same time actively:
- Outreach, according to this issue, at the enterprises of different levels.
- preventive examinations (knowledge, if necessary - tools).
- Implementation of preventive raids and operations.
- social patronage - support for persons in need of assistance.
